indices Flashcards
Reproductive health indicators
- Total fertility rate
- Contraceptive prevalence (%)
Total fertility rate -
Total number of children a woman
would have by the end of her reproductive period if she
experienced the currently prevailing age-specific fertility rates
throughout her childbearing life.
isreal has no 1 fertility rate of developed countries
mexico 2nd
factors
- Educational status of woman
- Occupational status of woman
- Religious and cultural reasons
- Ecological factors.
- Social economic factors
- IVF
- in bg 2.5%
- 4 procedures are covered by public funds for those uder 43
- age limit is menopause
- age limit for donors is 51
one child policy ended in 2
- Less people going into work force. Ratio of females to males due to more males.
Disparity between males and females.
People were exempt such as national minorities.
Contraceptive prevalence (%)
- Percentage of women
of reproductive age (15-49) who are using (or whose
partner is using) a contraceptive method at a particular
point in time.
Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators
- Total population (x 1000)
- Population growth rate (%)
- Crude birth rate (per 1000)
- Infant mortality rate (per 1000)
- Neonatal mortality rate
- Early neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)
- Late neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)
- Post-neonatal mortality rate
- Crude death rate (per 1000)
- Natural increase
- Total increase
- Total population (x 1000)
- De facto population in a
country, area or region. Figures are presented in thousands.
- Population growth rate (%)
- Average exponential rate
of growth of the population over a given period. It is
calculated as ln(Pt/P0)/t where t is the length of the
period. It is expressed as a percentage.
- Crude birth rate (per 1000)
Number of births over
a given period divided by the person-years lived by the
population over that period. It is expressed as number of
births per 1000 population.
no of births /no of people in pop. in given area at given time x 1000
= birth rate per mil
ireland had a baby boom
uk has high birth rate
for long term predictions the fertility rate is prefered
- Infant mortality rate (per 1000)
no of deaths of infants
dying between birth and exact age 1. in a given period/ 1000 live births in the same period
useful for indicationg quality of h.c services
factors influencing IMR
- qual and access to h.c
- age of mother = below 20 and 40-49 have higher IMR a
- decreases after 2nd and increases after 3rd
- larger birrth interval min 2 ideal is 4
- living conditions
divded into
- prenatal: till birth
- post natal: after birth
- neonatal 0-28
- early0-7 late8-28
- postneonatal 28 days-1yr
- neonatal 0-28
- perinatal22weeks gestation-7 day
causes of neonatal mortality (high in bg)
- low bw, premature birth, difficult labour
- birth trauma, congenital anamolies, h.lytic disease
causes of postneonatal mortality
- diarrhoeal diseases
- acute respiratory infections
- malnutrition
- accidentss
- Neonatal mortality rate
– The number of deaths in the
neonatal period during a given time period per 1000 live
births during the same time period.
- Early neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)
- Deaths at 0-6 days after live birth
Late neonatal mortality rate (per 1000)
- Deaths between days 7-27 after live birth
- Post-neonatal mortality rate
– The number of deaths
after 28 days up to, but not including, one year of age
- Crude death rate (per 1000)
- Number of deaths
over a given period divided by the person-years lived by
the population over that period. It is expressed as
number of deaths per 1000.
no of deaths /no of people in pop. in given area at given time
x 1000
= death rate per mil
- age related: infant mortality rate & fetal losses
- cause relates: diseases, injuries, suicide, homicide
- life expectancy ( sex and age related)
in europe highest is in Eastern europe. lowest is in turkey d/2 young population
factors influencing death rate
- standard of living
- quality and access to health care
- age & gender
- Natural increase
- The difference between the number
of live born children and the number of deaths for a
given area in the calendar year.
doesn’t take migration into account unlike total increase.
negative natural increase is compensated for by positive migration
- Total increase
- The sum of natural increase and net
migration for a given area in the calendar year.
What is
prevalence?
What is
incidence?
Prevalence of cases with temp. disability = number of
cases with temporary inability for work (number of only
primary list)/number of health provided.
-Prevalence of days with temp. disability= number of days
with temporary inability for work(sum of all hospital lists)/
number of health provided people * 10
- What are the
Indices relevant to
the Dispensary
Method?
Relative part of early discovered ill people = number of these
people/ number of all new ill people * 100
Relative part of regularly observed ill people =
number of these people / number of all dispensarisated
people *100
Relative part of regularly treated people = number of these
people / number of all dispensarisated people *100
Timeliness of dispensary method =
number of dispensarisated for the first time people / number
of discovered for the first time ill people *100
Relative part of people with improvement =
number of these people / number of all dispensarisated
people *100
Relative part of people without improvement =
number of these people/ number of all dispensarisated people
*100
Relative part of people with change for worse=
number of these people / Number of all dispensarisated
people *100
Relative part of people who died =
number of these people / Number of all dispensarisated
people *100
Medium temporary incapacity for work =
General number of sick leave days / Number of all
dispensarisated people *100
Indices measuring
hospital activities?
Quantitative indicators – they describe how the hospital
beds are utilized.
Qualitative indicators – such as hospital case-fatality rate,
postoperative complications, etc.
Data necessary to calculate statistical indicators:
- Total number of beds
- Total number of patients passed through the facility = it is calculated as sum of patients admitted and discharged divided by 2, at particular clinic from other clinics also are taken into account.
- Total number of patient days.
INDICES
- Average length of stay is the total number of patient days per year counting the day of admission but not the day of discharge, / by the total number of patients who passed through the facility.
- Average bed occupancy rate is total number of patient days / by the number of beds.
- Bed turnover is total number of patients who passed through the facility /by the total number of beds.
- Case-fatality rate is calculated as the number of deaths in a hospital / by the number of admitted patients
multiplied by 100.
fresh incidence
number of new found diseases / the population at risk x10n
indicatros for quality of public health and prevention
- crude death rate( easist to use d/2 available resources)
- infant mortality rate
- life expectancy
life expectancy
- increased by 10 years for both men and women in the EU in the last 50 years
- contributes to aging factor in EU along w/ decline in fertility
- average life expectancy: has a gender gap
- M: 77.9
- F: 83.3
Demographic balancing
equation
Starting population + (Births – Deaths) +
(Immigration – Emigration) =
= Starting population + (Natural increase) + (Net
migration) = Ending population
maternal medical certificates
410 days => 90% of insurable income
- 135 days with 3 medical certificates:
- 45 days before the term - medical certificate from GP/OG
- 42 days after birth –document of maternity given when being discharged from hospital
- 48 days – medical certificate from the child’s paediatrician
- 275 days - paid by the NHI
- Paid vacation until the child turns 2 years (minimal salary)
- Single payment for the birth of a child - 250 Lev, (twins 500lev)
