6. Health determinants. Health Indicators Flashcards

1
Q

Medical Demography – history, classification. Demographic transition model

A
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2
Q

what is the purpose of health indicators

A
  • the European Commision aimed to produce comparable information on health and health related behavoir on diseases and health systems
  • the European Community Health Indicator project was done to establish these aims
    • ECHI provides info on any given topic in the population that relates to health
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3
Q

what are the main categories for the ECHI-1 project indicator set

A

1) Demographic and socioeconomic factors
* Socioeconomic factors e.g. income & education
2) Health status

  • morbidity
  • mortality
  • fertility rate
    • adolescent fertility rate
    • total fertility rate
  • general health status

3)Determinants of health

  • living conditions
  • health behaviours
  • personal and biologicval factors

4)Health system

  • healthcare resources
  • health promotion, prevention, protection
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4
Q

list the General requirements of health indicators

A
  • easy to read and understand
  • relevant to policy
  • selected from reliable resources
  • comparable
  • does not impose a large burden on the statistical institutes of the Ministry of Health
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5
Q

what is a health life indicator

(Disability free life expectancy)

A

Disability free life expectancy = the no of remaining years that a person of a certain age is supposed to live w/o disability

  • Distinguishes betw/ years lived free from active limitation and years of life with at least 1 year w/ active limitation
  • used to enforce Policies in order to allocate resources however not all life can be disease free
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6
Q

what are the health indicators according to WHO

A

Health status

_​_1) Mortality by age and sex

  • life expectancy at birth
  • mortality under 5
  • infant mortality rate

2) Mortality by cause

  • maternal mortality ratio
  • AIDS
  • malaria
  • mortality betw/ 30-70 d/2 CVD

3) Fertility

  • adolescent fertility rate
  • total fertility rate

4) Morbidity

  • new cases of vaccine preventable diseases
  • cancer incidence by type
  • STI incidence rate

Risk factors

  1. _​_nutrition
  2. infections & condom use
  3. environmental
  4. non communicable diseases
  5. injuries

Service coverage

immunizations, HIVE coverage, cervical cancer screen

Health systems

  • access to healthcare systems
  • promotion, prevention, protection
  • health expenditure and finances
  • healthcare quality
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7
Q

What is the Policy Rainbow?

A

Dahlgren & Whitehead’s Social Health Mode Determinants of health are divided into 2 groups;

A. Unmodifiable fixed individual characteristic: Sex, Age, Genetic Factors B. Potentially modifiable factors – expressed as series of four consecutive layers of impact

1st layer: personal behaviour & ways of living that can promote damage of health.

2nd layer: underlines the impact of social and community networks.

3rd layer : structural factors related to living conditions; housing, work environment, access to healthcare services, water and sanitation, unemployment, education, agriculture and food production

4th layer –Includes wider socioeconomic, cultural and environment conditions

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