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World History Fall > India > Flashcards

India Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the origin of Buddhism?

A

Buddhism originated in India.

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2
Q

Who is the founder of Buddhism?

A

The founder of Buddhism is The Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama.

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3
Q

What is a unique characteristic of Buddhism regarding social structure?

A

Buddhism has saints (bodhisattvas) and no caste system.

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4
Q

How did Buddhism develop in relation to other religions?

A

Buddhism developed as a middle path between Jainism and Vedic religion.

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5
Q

What is the status of Buddhism in India and Far East Asia?

A

Buddhism became a minority faith in India but a majority faith in Far East Asia.

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6
Q

What is the origin of Hinduism?

A

Hinduism originated in India.

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7
Q

Who are the founders of Hinduism?

A

The founders of Hinduism are the gods in time long forgotten.

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8
Q

What is a unique characteristic of Hinduism regarding social structure?

A

Hinduism acknowledges many gods and has a caste system.

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9
Q

How did Hinduism develop in relation to other religions?

A

Hinduism developed as a Vedic response to Jain and Buddhist challenges.

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10
Q

What is the status of Hinduism in India and Southeast Asia?

A

Hinduism became the majority faith of India, especially in the southern provinces, and also spread in Southeast Asia.

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11
Q

Who was Harsha?

A

Harsha was a warrior king who united Northern India under one king.

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12
Q

What was the nature of Harsha’s rule?

A

Harsha’s rule was decentralized, and local leaders had power.

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13
Q

What was Harsha’s relationship with Tang China?

A

Harsha encouraged good relations with Tang China.

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14
Q

What was Harsha’s contribution to the arts?

A

Harsha was a supporter of the arts and a Buddhist king.

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15
Q

What happened to Harsha’s kingdom after his death?

A

Harsha’s kingdom fell apart, and the Rajputs took over.

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16
Q

What was the capital of the Chola kingdom?

A

The capital of the Chola kingdom was Tanjore (Thanjavur).

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17
Q

When did the Chola kingdom flourish?

A

The Chola kingdom flourished approximately from 850 to 1279 CE.

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18
Q

What was the extent of the Chola kingdom’s power?

A

The Chola kingdom was strongest in Southeast India along the coast and sometimes extended power to the Malay Peninsula.

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19
Q

Who were the notable rulers of the Chola kingdom?

A

Notable rulers of the Chola kingdom include Rajaraja I (r. 985-1014 CE) and Rajendracola Deva I (r. 1014-1044 CE).

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20
Q

What was the time frame of the Vijayanagar kingdom?

A

The Vijayanagar kingdom existed from 1336 to 1565.

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21
Q

Who founded the Vijayanagar kingdom?

A

The Vijayanagar kingdom was founded by the brothers Harihara (d. 1356) and Bukka (d. 1377).

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22
Q

Who was the last great king of Vijayanagar?

A

Krishna Deva Raya (r. 1509-1529) was the last great king of Vijayanagar.

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23
Q

What event marked the end of the Vijayanagar kingdom?

A

The Battle of Talikota in 1565 marked the end of the Vijayanagar kingdom.

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24
Q

What were some achievements of Krishna Deva Raya?

A

Krishna Deva Raya reorganized bureaucracy, modernized the military with foreign mercenaries, expanded territory, and increased international trade, especially with Portugal.

25
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Talikota?

A

The Battle of Talikota was significant as formerly divided Muslim sultans united against Vijayanagara, leading to its effective end.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Islam?

A

Islam is monotheistic and part of the Abrahamic religious tradition.

27
Q

Where did Islam originate?

A

Islam originated in Arabia.

28
Q

How did Islam spread in India?

A

Islam spread to the western edge of India by 750 CE and then to Northern India.

29
Q

What is the majority religion in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh?

A

Islam is the majority religion in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and some parts of northern India.

30
Q

What are the characteristics of Hinduism?

A

Hinduism is polytheistic and part of the Vedic religious tradition.

31
Q

What is the status of Hinduism in modern India?

A

Hinduism is the majority religion in most of modern India, especially in the south and east.

32
Q

What is a sultan?

A

A sultan is a Muslim ruler, usually more powerful than a king (malik).

33
Q

What is a sultanate?

A

A sultanate is the realm that a sultan rules.

34
Q

What does khan mean?

A

Khan is a title used among Central Asian and Middle Eastern peoples, meaning ‘leader’; it can refer to anything from a local lord to an emperor.

35
Q

What is a khanate?

A

A khanate is the realm that a khan rules.

36
Q

Who was Mahmud of Ghazni?

A

Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Northern India from Afghanistan.

37
Q

What was Mahmud’s motivation for invading India?

A

Mahmud fought in the name of Islam as a ghazi, or warrior for the faith.

38
Q

What impact did Mahmud have on Buddhism in Northern India?

A

Mahmud spread Islam but did so at the expense of Buddhist temples, making Buddhism much less influential in Northern India after his invasions.

39
Q

How is Mahmud viewed in different historiographies?

A

Muslim historiography has fond memories of Mahmud, while Hindu historiography sees him as a villain.

40
Q

What was the Sultanate of Delhi?

A

The Sultanate of Delhi was the first large Muslim empire in India, based in the northern city of Delhi.

41
Q

What was the significance of the Sultanate of Delhi?

A

The Sultanate of Delhi established Islam as a major religion throughout India and defended India against Mongol invasions.

42
Q

Who was Iltutmish?

A

Iltutmish was a slave who became sultan and established the capital at Delhi.

43
Q

What was Iltutmish’s approach to religious tolerance?

A

Iltutmish was tolerant (by 13th-century standards) of other religions.

44
Q

What did Iltutmish do to defend India?

A

Iltutmish defended India against Mongols.

45
Q

Who was Raziya?

A

Raziya was the daughter of Iltutmish and became the first sultana (female sultan).

46
Q

What was one view of Alauddin Khalji?

A

Alauddin Khalji defended India against Mongol invasions and implemented tight government control of food stores and market prices.

47
Q

What were some policies of Alauddin Khalji?

A

Alauddin Khalji banned hoarding and alcohol, implemented wage and price controls, confiscated land from rich landlords, and taxed mainly the rich.

48
Q

What is another view of Alauddin Khalji?

A

Hindu historiography views Alauddin Khalji as having come to power by murdering his uncle and being openly discriminatory toward Hindus.

49
Q

Who was Muhammad b. Tugh-Lug?

A

Muhammad b. Tugh-Lug was a man of great ideas but faced bad luck and timing.

50
Q

What were some of Muhammad b. Tugh-Lug’s challenges?

A

He promoted rationalist Islam but faced opposition from religious fundamentalists and attempted to spread Islam to Southern India, which ended in disaster.

51
Q

What happened during Muhammad b. Tugh-Lug’s reign?

A

He attempted modern agricultural reform but faced drought and famine, leading to many rebellions.

52
Q

Who was Tamerlane?

A

Tamerlane was a Muslim world conqueror who defeated the Mongol Chagatai Khanate, Ilkhanids, and Golden Horde.

53
Q

What was Tamerlane’s impact on India?

A

Tamerlane invaded India and dealt a serious blow to the Sultanate of Delhi.

54
Q

What dynasty did Tamerlane found?

A

Tamerlane founded the short-lived Timurid Dynasty.

55
Q

What are the Timurid origins of the Mughal Empire?

A

The Mughal Empire is named for Tamerlane, who conquered Central Asia, Russia, parts of the Mid East, and parts of India.

56
Q

Who was Babur?

A

Babur was a military genius who laid the foundations for the Mughal Empire.

57
Q

What was Babur’s significant military achievement?

A

Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat in 1526, becoming the master of northern India.

58
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Khanua?

A

At the Battle of Khanua in 1527, Babur defeated the Rajputs.

59
Q

What is the Baburnameh?

A

The Baburnameh is Babur’s illustrated memoir, considered a literary and historical classic.

World History Fall (26 decks)

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