Crusades Flashcards
What is the role of Popes in the Roman Catholic Church?
The heads of the Roman Catholic Church; according to believers, they are God’s representatives on Earth.
What are Cardinals?
High-ranking archbishops.
What is the role of Archbishops?
Bishops who oversee several other bishops.
What is the role of Bishops?
High-ranking priests who oversee several churches.
What is the role of Priests?
Oversee one church or parish.
What do Monks and Nuns do?
Usually live in convents; some perform functions similar to priests.
Who are Laypeople?
Non-clerics, also referred to as the Laity.
What significant event did Pope Urban II initiate in 1095?
Issued a call to take up the cross at Clermont.
What happened in 1099 during the First Crusade?
Jerusalem fell to Crusaders; established the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
What were the Crusader States of the Latin East?
Edessa (1097-1144), Antioch (1098-1268), Jerusalem (1099-1189 & 1221-1244), Tripoli (1109-1289).
What are Monastic Rules?
Monastics vowed to live according to strict rules including renunciation of all property and following the orders of the head monk or abbot.
Who are St. Benedict and St. Scholastica?
Widely regarded as founders of European monasticism; Benedict for men and Scholastica for women.
What is the Rule of St. Benedict?
A set of guidelines for monastic life.
What were the military monastic orders?
Fighting monks who lived according to monastic rules and formed a Christian standing army in the Holy Land.
Who was St. Bernard of Clairvaux?
A Christian mystic who wrote the monastic rule for Templars and was the main propagandist for the Second Crusade.
