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World History Fall > China Dynasties > Flashcards

China Dynasties Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Sima Qian?

A

Author of Shiji (Historical Records), a monumental work in Chinese historiography

*followed his father as Grand Historian of Han Dynasty

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2
Q

What is didactic history?

A

History written for the purpose of teaching ethics & morals

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3
Q

What was the guiding philosophy of the Qin Dynasty?

A

Legalism

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4
Q

Who was Qin Shi Huang Di?

A

First Sovereign Emperor of Qin, declared himself in 221 BCE

*had a massive tomb complex built with Terra Cotta Warriors

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5
Q

What did the Qin Dynasty standardize?

A

Writing system, measurements, and laws

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6
Q

What dynasty borrowed some ideas from the Qin Dynasty and applied them with more moderation?

A

Later dynasties

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7
Q

What ethnic group do modern Chinese refer to themselves as?

A

Han

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8
Q

Who was Han Wu Di?

A

The Martial Han Emperor, reign 141-87 BCE

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9
Q

What did Wang Mang attempt during his rule?

A

Land and currency reforms

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10
Q

What era unified China after 400 years of fragmentation?

A

Sui Dynasty

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11
Q

Who was Confucius?

A

Teacher, philosopher, moralist

*founder of Confucianism

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12
Q

What is the basic teaching of Confucianism?

A

Education can make people moral & moral people can maintain a healthy society; ‘do unto others …’

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13
Q

Founder of what West calls ‘Confucianism,’ which some describe as an atheistic or secular religion

A

Confucius

No example sentence provided

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14
Q

Basic teaching of Confucius

A

Education can make people moral & moral people can maintain a healthy society; ‘do unto others …’

No example sentence provided

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15
Q

Confucian concept: filial piety

A

Respect for and deference toward one’s superiors & elders; maintenance of pre-Confucian veneration of ancestors

No example sentence provided

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16
Q

Confucian concept: ren

A

Kindness or humaneness toward others

No example sentence provided

17
Q

Confucian concept: junzi

A

The humane man, the gentleman; a man who views the world & behaves in a morally upright way

No example sentence provided

18
Q

Traditional founder of Daoism

A

Loa Tzu or Laozi (fl. 5th cent. BCE)

No example sentence provided

19
Q

Key text of Daoism

A

Daodejing (also Tao Te Ching)

No example sentence provided

20
Q

Legalism advisor in state of Qin

A

Shang Yang (390-338 BCE)

No example sentence provided

21
Q

Legalism underlying assumption

A

People are selfish & wicked and need to be ruled if social order is to prevail; don’t waste effort trying to make men good – just restrain them from being bad

No example sentence provided

22
Q

Imported from India in 3rd century BCE

A

Buddhism in China

No example sentence provided

23
Q

The Warring States (403-221
BCE)

A

– Zhou decline had been
long and slow
– decentralization =
greater regional
autonomy & power
– regional kings ignored
Zhou and fought among
themselves
– kind of a golden age for
martial aristocrats, but
not so good for others

24
Q

The Han Dynasty (206 BCE-
220 CE)

A

– modern Chinese refer to
their ethnic group as “Han”
– borrowed
administrative structure
of Qin, but applied
Confucians rather than
Legalist principles
– known for post-Qin
cultural renaissance
– sinicized neighbors (=
made them Chinese in
culture

25
Q

Between Dynasties

A

220-280 CE: Three Dynasties Era
222-589 CE: Six Dynasties Era
317-589 CE: North & South Dynasties Era
(Yes, they overlap. History is complicated and
messy like that.)

26
Q

The Sui Dynasty (589-618
CE)

A

– unified China after 400
years of fragmentation
- really only 2 emperors:
Wen Di and Yang Di
– re-established
Confucianism
– also encouraged
Buddhism
– Great Canal built
(connected N. & S. China)
– set stage for Tang Dynasty

27
Q

Legalism

A

– Shang Yang (390-338 BCE)
– advisor in state of Qin
– Book of Lord Shang
– meritocracy rather than aristocracy & extreme
accountability
– strict application of law
– Han Fei (280-233 BCE)
– Legalist think who promoted ideas of Lord Shang
– Li Si (d. 208 BCE)
– legalist advisor to Qin emperor

fa: laws; strict application of widely publicized laws
shu: statecraft; application of law through officials & armed force;
shi: possession of authority; manipulation of politics
key goals/values/ideals of Legalism:
– strong armies
– full granaries; farming only useful occupation or most people
– people must obediently work to serve the state (= the king, emperor),
not family

28
Q

Daoism

A

wuwei: action or inaction that
is so perfect it leaves no trace
or mark; taking no unnatural
action; no action out of line
with the Dao

some say Oogway is an
example of a Daoist
– “There are no accidents” =
everything that happens
happens because of the Dao
– “go with the flow” is one
way to summarize Daoist
thought

29
Q

Confucian Concepts

A

filial piety: respect for and deference toward one’s
superiors & elders; maintenance of pre-Confucian
veneration of ancestors
reciprocity: mutual exchange; more specifically
mutually beneficial exchange
ren: kindness or humaneness toward others
li: observance of rules of decorum; propriety
yi: appropriate behavior by and toward all acc. to
social rank
junzi: the humane man, the gentleman; a man who
views the world & behaves in a morally upright way

30
Q

Wang Mang, the Red
Eyebrows, & the Xin Dynasty

A

– a Han royal family relative named Wang
Mang seized the throne in 8 CE
– very short-lived Xin Dynasty 8-25 CE
– Wang Man attempted land & currency
reforms
– Yellow River jumped flooded & jumped its
course in 11 CE
– Red Eyebrows: peasant Daoist rebels who
toppled Wang Mang & Xin Dynasty & led to
Han restoration

31
Q

The Qin Dynasty 221-207
BCE

A

– standardized writing
system
– standardized
measurements
– brought law and order
– “built” the Great Wall of
China
– set territorial boundaries
of China for centuries
– later dynasties borrowed
some of their ideas but
applied them with more
moderation

32
Q

Political History of China 500
BCE-500CE

A

The Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE & got smaller
and smaller until 256 or 221 BCE
Warring States Era 403-221-ish BCE
The Qin Dynasty 221-207 BCE
The Han Dynasty 207 BCE-220 CE
The Sui Dynasty 589-619 CE

World History Fall (26 decks)

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