Incan (900 BCE-1540 CE)

Question 1

Chavin de Huantar

Answer 1

Series of underground passaged (post and lintel)
Passageway above Lanzon to see sculpture
Center of worship
Faces east to watch the sun
Could hold thousands of people in plaza
Sometimes priests would pretend to be the voice of the sculpture (acting as an oracle)
Left hand up towards celestial realm, right hand down towards terrestrial realm
Shows prosperity and advancement of the civilization
Offerings made of foreign materials were left (implies importance)
Architecture built around sculpture

Question 2

Chavin de Huantar IDs

Answer 2

Peru
900-200 BCE
Stone, granite, gold

Question 3

Cusco

Answer 3

Sacred shrine dedicated to the sun god
Imaginary lines connecting to every other shrine
Sun shines over rulers seat during summer solstice
Asymmetrical but balanced stones (gives sense of visual balance)
Flexible architecture
Qorichanka (center of Inca empire, holds a microcosm of the Inca universe)
Divided into sections based on social class, then quarters based on NESW and where you live in the empire

Question 4

Cusco IDs

Answer 4

Inca
1440 CE
Sandstone

Question 5

Maize cobs

Answer 5

Shows importance of corn
Offering to sun god
Used in ritual practices that supported state, religion, and government
Symbols of supernatural origins
Symbolizes the control Incas have over the world as descendants of the sun god
Part of tiny microcosm of Inca universe

Question 6

Maize cobs IDs

Answer 6

Inca
1440-1533 CE
Sheet metal

Question 7

Machu Picchu

Answer 7

Unable to move during earthquakes
Shows intense architectural understanding
Built on water system to foster a fertile agricultural enviornment
Royal estate for Pachacuti (leader who engineered a vast expansion of the Inca empire)
Observatory (temple for sun god, sun shines through left window for winter solstice and right for summer solstice)
Inthihuana (used to view the sun)

Question 8

Machu Picchu IDs

Answer 8

Inca
1450-1540 CE
Granite

Question 9

All-T’oqapu

Answer 9

Squares with non-repeating geometric patterns
The more colors, the higher the status
Elite man’s tunic
Dyes are from different regions of the empire

Question 10

All-T’oqapu IDs

Answer 10

Inca
1450-1540 CE
Camelid fiber and cotton