Buddhist (743-1480 CE) Flashcards
Todai-ji
Largest wooden building
Horned double hip/gable roof (slopes in four directions)
Curving rooflines (Chinese influence)
Part of a network of temples
Represents Buddhism as the national religion of Japan
Training monastery
Administrative center
Wooden warriors
Buddha Hall (vairacona Buddha)
South Gate (scary guardian figures to threaten you, goes against traditional pacifist buddhism)
“Zen Buddhism”
Political struggles (unified by Buddhism)
Todai-ji IDs
Japan
Unkei, Keikei, and other sculptors
743 CE
Bronze, wood, and ceramic
Borobudur temple
Largest Buddhist structure in the world
Reminds followers of the path from suffering to Nirvana
Mandela
Stepped pyramid
Oriented towards cardinal directions
Square base
Pilgrimage site (end of a path that leads pilgrims to smaller temples on the way)
Physical realm to the abstract
Three registers (bottom = negativity of being human, middle = liminal space, top = spiritual realm)
Low relief sculptures of human desire (bad!)
Niches with representations of the Buddha
Terraces (open, light, hollow with carved patterns)
Stupa (no relics, represents center of universe)
Buddha’s mom (prego in the cart she gave birth in)
Show’s Indian influence
Embodies Mount Meru (center of physical/spiritual world)
Abandoned because of location, politics, and volcanos
Borobudur temple IDs
Indonesia
Sailendra dynasty
750-842 CE
Volcanic stone
Longmen caves
Half-moon shapes in brows, eyes, ear lobes, and robes (calming)
Pilgramage site
May be Empress Wu Zeitan
Elongated legs and exaggerated poses
Vairocana (“supreme”, seated Buddha who depicts serene majesty)
Giants (people who delayed Nirvana to teach Buddhism to others)
Longmen caves IDs
China
Tang dynasty
493-1127 CE
Limestone
Seated Buddha from Ganhara
Largest Buddhist structure in the world
Carved into a cliff face
High relief (ambulatory ankles)
Hub of commerical activity
Important cultural, religious, and intellectual exchange site
Paintings of/for Buddha
Mandelic rooms
Greco-Roman influences
Destroyed for being non-Islamic
Faces removed by Moguls
Seated Buddha from Ganhara IDs
Bamiyan, Afghanistan
Buddhist
400-800 CE
Cut rock with plaster and paint
Gold and jade crown IDs
Korea
5th to 6th century
Metalwork
Jowo Rinpoche
Most important Buddhist shrine in Tibet
Part of the dowry of the Chinese princess who married the Tibetian king (then the king converted to Buddhism)
Main point of political opposition to Chinese occupation
Buddha at age 12 (before the 4 sights)
Nepalese and Indian styles
Pilgrimage site
Jowo Rinpoche IDs
Lhasa, Tibet
641 CE
Metal, stones, pearls, pait, and offerings
Gold and jade crown
Part of the largest royal tomb (sealed, meant to protect contents)
Symbolizes political authority and cultural grandeur
Tomb includes necessities for afterlife
Only produced for burials
Vertical elements (trees and antlers)
Pendants (gold rings, symbolize fertility and abundance)
Gogaks (jade comma-looking things)
Silk road (spread of Buddhism into Korea)
Great Stupa at Sanchi
Relics of the Buddha
Hempispherical mound of dirt over a burial
Dome encased in sandstone
Stone pillars replaced old wooden ones, but were meant to look like them (to keep a sense of antiquity)
Inahbited by monks
Location of pilgrimage
Ambulatory
Ashoka’s edict carved into pillars
Hormika (stone platform with a railing)
Axis mundi (connects Earth and Heaven, the axis that the universe turns on
Chatros (symbols of royalty, symbolize the 3 jewels of Buddhism)
Toranas (gateways)
Accesible to everyone
Great Stupa at Sanchi IDs
India
Maurya dyansty
300 BCE-100 CE
Stone and sandstone
Ryoan-ji
No thought philosophy (appealed to many people because Japan was a military state)
Allows mental release when raking the rocks
Gravel (associated with Japanese imperial family)
Riverbed with stones (put stones in the garden)
Colorful trees
Inspired by white sand in forests (to make it easier to live in)
Associated with Shinto shrines
Zen Buddhism
