Baroque (1595-1750 CE)

Question 1

Calling of Saint Matthew

Answer 1

Far cry from rational calm of the Renaissance
Dramatic and photographic
Tenobrism (intense use of light)
Familiar elements (tavern, contemporary clothes, game of dice)
Who is the subject (besides JC)? We don’t know!
JC (illuminated, little halo)
PR for the church (change in stoicism from Last Supper)

Question 2

Calling of Saint Matthew IDs

Answer 2

Caravaggio
1597-1601 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 3

Henry IV Recieves Portrait of Marie d’Medici

Answer 3

Overdramatic
Shows him looking and falling in love with his future bride
Jupiter (eagle and thunderbolt) and Juno (peacock and crown) approving their marriage (comparing the new marriage to that of the gods)
Makes mundane life seem fun
Cupid and Hymen (she’s a virgin) holding the portrait
Babies (hope of the portrait)
Personified France (super excited)
Break from war

Question 4

Henry IV Recieves Portrait of Marie d’Medici IDs

Answer 4

Peter Paul Rubens
1621-1625 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 4

Self-portrait with Saskia

Answer 4

Overlapping shows order of who was drawn/etched first
Marriage portrait
Experimentation
Dress-up game in historical (16th century) clothes

Question 5

Self-portrait with Saskia IDs

Answer 5

Rembrandt van Rijn
1636 CE
Baroque
Etching

Question 6

San Carlo all Quattro Fontane

Answer 6

Central portal (mirrors out from that point)
Emphasis on verticality
Simple and stark (not elaborately Baroque)
Floating dome (oval with Greek cross)
Undulating space under dome
Medallion of San Carlo
Four fountains
Risky space
Two facades (rejects motion of normal facade)
Experimental

Question 7

San Carlo all Quattro Fontane IDs

Answer 7

Francesco Borromini
1638-1646 CE
Baroque
Stone and stucco

Question 8

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Answer 8

Texture through same medium
Split second
Sexual
Uncomfortable for viewer
Angel (about to stab her in the boob)
Girl (surrendered, tense)
Shows experience of pain and pleasure at once
Windows with natural light
Sun rays

Question 9

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa IDs

Answer 9

Gian Lorenza Bernini
1647-1652 CE
Baroque
Marble, stucco, and gilt bronze

Question 10

Angel with Arquebus

Answer 10

Elongated hat with feathers = Incan nobility (also gold embroidery)
Pose found from European engraving of military exercises
“Rich” drapery (similar to that of a Spanish-American aristocrat)
Androgyny
Mannerist elements (stiff, dance-like pose)
Arquebus (brought to New World by Spanish) instead of traditional sword, symbolizes the power that Spanish had over Native Americans
Relates to Spanish-American writing that angels would come at the Last Judgement with feather hats and guns

Question 11

Angel with Arquebus IDs

Answer 11

Asiel Timor Dei
17th century CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 12

Las Meninas

Answer 12

Size (huge) elevates importance
Lights in window and behind doorway (expands space)
Play of light and dark (very Baroque)
Replicas of real paintings on the wall
Commentary on painting and the status of the painter
Artist painting in the corner (holding tools to elevate his painter status, ordained into the Order)
Hustle and bustle of artists life
Princess Margarita (surrounded by her lady in waitings, her favorite dwarf, her chaperones/caretakes, and her dog)
She knows we’re looking at her
King and Queen of Spain in the mirror

Question 13

Las Meninas IDs

Answer 13

Diego Velázquez
1656 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 14

Woman holding a balance

Answer 14

Use of light
Provokes thought (conduct life with moderation, lead a balanced life)
Ambigious (holy or earthly? example or warning?
Pearls (relate to Christ or her vanity/wealth)
Scales (weighing valuables against heaven, souls, or life)
Upper merchant class woman

Question 15

Woman holding a balance IDs

Answer 15

Johannes Vermeer
1664 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 16

Palace at Versailles

Answer 16

Classical Greek and Roman elements (columns, arches, pediments, domes, etc.)
Symmetrical
Repeating patterns (discipline and order, reminiscent of Roman emperors)
Stoic
Communicates civic pride and strength
Ornate Baroque interior decoration with stricter outer decoration
Embodiment of the power of Louis XIV
Self-contained city
Radial avenues that merge at the palace (symbolic of the ruler’s power)
Gardens (reference Apollo)
Hall of Mirrors (overly Baroque, shows power)
Illusionist paintings on ceiling
Arches of windows reflect arches of mirrors (expands space)
On a hill (powerful)

Question 17

Palace at Versailles IDs

Answer 17

Louis le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
1669 CE
Baroque
Masonry, stone, wood, iron, gold leaf, marble, and bronze

Question 18

Screen with the Siege of Belgrade

Answer 18

Encapsulates the cosmopolitanism of colonial Mexico and its art
Shows borrowed/adapted materials, forms, and subjects from other cultures to create something new (similar to Jordan!)
Transpacific/transatlantic trade
Elite and nonreligious items
Visual transculturalism
Emphasizes the horrors of war
Room divider
Intense chaos and violence
Scene from Great Turkish War
Part of Mexico’s viceregal palace

Question 19

Screen with the Siege of Belgrade IDs

Answer 19

Circle of the Gonzalez family
1697-1701 CE
Baroque
Tempera and resin on wood with a shell inlay

Question 20

Virgin of Guadalupe

Answer 20

Virgin Mary surrounded by roundels that tell her story (when she appeared to Juan Diego to tell him to create a temple in her honor and then an image of her appeared on his tunic)
Enconchados (mother-of-pearl)
Reflects divinity
Eagle on a cactus (Mexico)
Most revered symbol of Mexico
Crescent moon behind her with sun rays and clouds

Question 21

Virgin of Guadalupe IDs

Answer 21

Miguel Gonzalez
1698 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas on wood with mother of pearl

Question 22

Fruits and insects

Answer 22

Asymmetrical arrangement
“Sotto Bosco” (natural setting)
Commissioned as a pair as a gift to a father-in-law
Clusters of fruits and insects on the ground (goes against typical subject of flowers, vases, and ledges)
Fruit is allegorical of life (subject to decay)
“Lesser” art form
Didn’t exist
Intense mastery of observation

Question 23

Fruits and insects IDs

Answer 23

Rachel Ruysch
1711 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 24

Spaniards and the Indian produce a Mestizo

Answer 24

Native woman has Southern European features (slim nose, curly hair, almond-shaped eyes)
Commissioned by Spanish colonists to be sent abroad and show the New World caste system
Not a piece of art but rather an illustration of an ethnic group
Caste system: Penisulares (Spanish-born people), Creoles (American-born Spaniards), Mestizos (Spanish and Native American), Native Americans, enslaved people

Question 25

Spaniards and the Indian produce a Mestizo IDs

Answer 25

Juan Rodriguez Juarez
1715 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 26

Tete a Tete

Answer 26

Shows immorality
Arranged marriage (she’s richer than him, throws off power dynamic)
Lack of culture and taste is apparent
All of her decorations
Wife and husband were both out separately the night before (her with Silvertongue, him with random lady)
He has a lacy woman’s cap in his pocket, no money, syphilis, and a broken sword
She’s eating breakfast and signaling to Silvertongue that he has to get out
Doggie is sniffing the cap in his pocket (betraying him)
Man whose job is to make sure the house is in order is holding a stack of unpaid

Question 27

Tete a Tete IDs

Answer 27

William Hogarth
1743 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 28

Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Answer 28

Esteemed nun and writer
Pens, paper, and books (symbolizes love of learning)
Rosary, habit, and cross (symbolizes devotion to religion)
Creole woman from Mexico
Impersonated a man so she could continue to study
Demonstrates her strength and education
Likening herself to St. Jerome

Question 29

Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz IDs

Answer 29

Miguel Cabrera
1750 CE
Baroque
Oil on canvas

Question 30

Baroque style

Answer 30

European inspiration from New World
Expresses the spirit of the Counter Reformation
Spreads Protestantism
Reflects centralized state
Action, drama, emotion
Dynamic