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Histopathology > Impregnation , Embedding , Trimming , Section cutting , Staining & Mounting > Flashcards

Impregnation , Embedding , Trimming , Section cutting , Staining & Mounting Flashcards

1
Q

Give the 3 types of Impregnation

A

Paraffin wax , Celloidin Impregnation , Gelatin Impregnation

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2
Q

In embedding paraffin embedded tissue are arrange at the bottom of the mold and immerse in melted paraffin on what specific temperature ?

A

5-10°C above its melting point

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3
Q

a type of impregnation used when dehydration is to be avoided and when tissue are to be subjected to histochemical enzyme study

A

Gelatin Impregnation

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4
Q

most common simplest and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing

A

Paraffin wax Impregnation

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5
Q

what are the two methods of Celloiden Impregnation

A

Wet Celloiden and Dry celloiden method

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6
Q

what are those 3 substitue For Paraffin wax

A

Paraplast , Ester wax , Water soluble wax

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7
Q

Paraffin oven or incubator temp is

A

55-60°C

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8
Q

A substitue for paraffin wax whos melting point is 46-48°C

A

Ester Wax

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9
Q

What are those processes that performs paraffin wax Impregnation and Embedding of Tissue

A

Manual Processing , Automatic Processing and Vacuum Embedding

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10
Q

what is the common melting point of waxes

A

45°C to 56°C

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11
Q

a type of impregnation suitable for specimens with large hollow cavities

A

Celloidin Impregnation

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12
Q

Most commonly used water soluble wax

A

Carbowax

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13
Q

what is the volume of impregnating medium to the tissue

A

at least 25 times the volume of tissue

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14
Q

An Elliot Bench Type Processor

A

Autotechnicon

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15
Q

a process under negative atmospheric pressure use for urgent biopsies for dense and hard fibrous tissue

A

Vaccum Embedding

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16
Q

Method of celloiden impregnation preferred for processing whole eye sections

A

Dry Celloiden Method

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17
Q

purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers with a melting point of 56-57°C

A

Paraplast

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18
Q

above melting point of paraffin wax impregnation

A

2 to 5°C above melting point

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19
Q

Product of paraffin containing rubber

A

Tissue mat

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20
Q

melting point of paraplast

A

56-57°C

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21
Q

A Celloidin Impregnation Method for bones , teeth, large brain sections and whole organ

A

Wet Celloidin Method

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22
Q

An Impregnation type use for large tissue sections of the whole embryo

A

Celloiden Impregnation

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23
Q

Bioloid is a synthetic wax . true or false . give its use

A

false it is a semisynthetic wax

for embedding eyes

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24
Q

a synthetic wax

A

Embeddol

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25
Q

Impregnation is also known as

A

Infiltration

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26
Q

Celloiden Impregnation is for what type of specimens ?

A

for large hollow cavities , large tissue section of the whole embryo and for bones and teeth

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27
Q

what are the 6 types of blocking out mold

A 
Leuckhart's Embedding Molds
Compound Embedding Molds
Plastic Embedding Rings and Base Molds
Disposable Embedding Molds
Celloidin or Nitrocellulose Method
Double Embedding Method
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28
Q

A type of Blocking out mold consist of special stainless steel base mold fitted with plastic embedding ring

A

Plastic embedding Rings and Base molds

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29
Q

What are the 3 example of Disposable Embedding Molds

A

Peel Away
Plastic Ice Tray
Paper boats

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30
Q

A type of Blocking out mold that facilitates cutting large blocks of dense firm tissues like the brain

A

Double Embedding Method

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31
Q

A type of Blocking out mold with series of interlocking plates

A

Compound Embedding Molds

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32
Q

A type of Blocking out mold where tissues are embedded in shallow tins of enamel pans

A

Celloidin or Nitrocellulose Method

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33
Q

A type of Blocking out mold consist of two L-shaped strips of metal

A

Leuckhart’s Embedding Molds

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34
Q

A type of Blocking out mold for embedding hard tissues and whole organs

A

Celloidin or Nitrocellulose Method

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35
Q

A type of Blocking out mold where tissue are first infiltrated with celloidin and embedded in a paraffin mass

A

Compound Embedding Method

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36
Q

A type of Microtome Knives use for cutting paraffin embedded on rotary microtome

A

Biconcave Knife

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37
Q

In microtome knives its an angle formed between the cutting edges

A

Bevel angle

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38
Q

A type of Microtome Knives use for cutting celloidin embedded tissue block on a sliding microtome

A

Plane Concave Knife

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39
Q

In Microtome Knives its an angle between the cutting facet and the tissue block

A

Clearance Angle

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40
Q

Angle of Bevel

A

27° to 32°

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41
Q

A type of Microtome Knives use for frozen sections or cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin block using base sledge type or sliding microtome

A

Plane Wedge Knife

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42
Q

A type of Microtome Knives that has both sides concave

A

Binconcave knife

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43
Q

A type of Microtome Knives that has both sides straight

A

Plain wedge knife

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44
Q

What are the two Stages in Sharpening a Knife

A
  1. Honing

2. Stropping

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45
Q

what are those three substance use in Honing

A

Belgium Yellow
Arkansas
Fine Carborundum

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46
Q

A stage in Sharpening Knife that removes burr or irregularities that have been formed during honing

A

Stropping

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47
Q

What should be the diameter of the wax that surround tissue block

A

at least 2mm

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48
Q

Other Name for Celloidin Method for Embedding

A

Nitrocellulose

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49
Q

A stage in Sharpening Knife that removes gross nicks and involve grinding and cutting edge of the knife on a stone

A

Honing

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50
Q

A substance use for Honing that gives more polishing effect

A

Arkansas

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51
Q

It is for final polishing of the knife edge

A

Stropping

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52
Q

Direction use in Stropping

A

TOE TO HEEL

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53
Q

How many strokes use in Honing

A

20-30 double strokes

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54
Q

Direction use in Honing

A

Heel to Toe

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55
Q

How many strokes use in Stropping

A

40-120 double strokes

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56
Q

What are the 3 types of Microtome Knives

A

Plane Concave Knife
Biconcave knife
Plane Wedge Knife

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57
Q

Clearance Angle

A

0-15°

58
Q

what is the size of the average tissue block

A

2 to 4 mm thick

59
Q

Step in Histopath where in tissues are cut into uniformly thin slices with a microtome

A

Section Cutting

60
Q

Kind of Microtome that cuts celloidin embedded sections

A

Sliding Microtome

61
Q

Kind of Microtome for gelatin and celloiden tissues

A

Rocking Microtome

62
Q

Kind of Microtome for general purpose microtomes for cutting semi thin to thin sections for light microscopy

A

Rotary Microtome

63
Q

Thickness cut by Rotary Microtome

A

4-6µ thickness

64
Q

Kind of Microtome that is dangerous because of the risk of vibration

A

Sliding Microtome

65
Q

Thickness cut by Rocking Microtome

A

10-12µ

66
Q

Thickness cut by Sliding Microtome

A

7-9µ

67
Q

size of sections cut from the block

A

2-8µ in thickness

68
Q

Who Invented the Rocking microtome

A

Padwell Trefall(1789)

69
Q

Who invented the Sliding Microtome

A

Adams (1789)

70
Q

Who invented Rotary Microtome

A

Minot (1885-1886)

71
Q

Kind of Microtome that has refrigerated chamber maintained at temperature near -20°C

A

Freezing Microtome

72
Q

Paraffin blocks routinely cut at what thickness

A

5µ

73
Q

Knive use in Sliding Microtome

A

Biconcave Knive

74
Q

Knive use in Rotary Microtome

A

Plane Concave Knive

75
Q

Kind of Microtome that cut section for Electrom Microscopy

A

Ultra Thin Microtome

76
Q

Who invetned Freezing Microtome

A

Queckett (1848)

77
Q

Ultra thin microtome cut tissue at what thickness

A

0.5µ

78
Q

In ultra thin microtome tissue is fixed with what fixative agent

A

Osmium Tetroxide

79
Q

In freezing microtome temperature are maintain at

A

-20°C

80
Q

Enumerate the different kinds of Microtome

A 
Rocking
Rotary
Sliding
Freezing
Ultrathin microtome
81
Q

In Freezing Microtome tissue are cut at what thickness

A

5-10µ

82
Q

In Section Cutting It is added to prevent growth of molds

A

Thymol

83
Q

What are the 3 types of Tissue Sections

A

Parrafin , Celloidin , Frozen Sections

84
Q

Most commonly used Adhesives

A

Mayer’s Egg Albumin

85
Q

Type of Tissue Section from tissues that have been fixed and frozen with CO2 or Frozen with Cryostat

A

Frozen Section

86
Q

In Celloidin Sections tissue are usually cut at what thickness

A

10-15µ

87
Q

In Paraffin Sections tissue are cut at what thickness

A

4-6µ

88
Q

Floating-Out Bath Melting Point

A

6-10°C lower than the wax melting poin

89
Q

Type of Tissue Section that may be cut by sliding microtome

A

Celloidin Sections

90
Q

Type of Tissue Section that may be cut by rocking and rotary microtome

A

Paraffin Sections

91
Q

Name the Types of Tissue Section that do not form ribbon

A

Celloidin Sections , Frozen Sections

92
Q

Floatin Out Bath is maintained at what temperature

A

45-50°C

93
Q

Enumerate 5 Common Adhesives

A 
Mayer's Egg Albumin
Dried Albumin
Gelatin
Starch Paste
Plasma
94
Q

Excess albumin should not be wiped off because it may interfere with staining process hence will take up the stain . True or False

A

False . It should be wipe off

95
Q

Steps in Fixing Tissue Sections onto a slide

A
  1. Proper use of adhesives
  2. Proper Orientation
  3. Deparaffinization
96
Q

Steps in Fixing Tissue Sections wherein there is a removal of excess wax

A

Deparaffinization

97
Q

Steps in Fixing Tissue Sections that promotes adhesions of sections which is spread thinly

A

Proper use of Adhesives

98
Q

Steps in Fixing Tissue sections onto a slide wherein tissue is arranged in precise in position on the slide

A

Proper Orientation

99
Q

what are the 3 ways in removing excess wax

A
  • Heating of slide over alcohol lamp
  • an oven at 60°C
  • using xylene
100
Q

What is the purpose of placing the coverslip over tissue?

A

to assume permanency of the specimen.

To increase the refraction

101
Q

What are the Objectives in Mounting

A
  1. Protect the specimen from physical injury
  2. Protect the section from bleaching or deterioration
  3. Facilitate easy handling storage
  4. Prevent the damage of sections which may lead to distortion of image during microscopic examination
102
Q

What are the 2 Techniques in Mounting

A

A.Slide lowered onto coverslip and quickly inverted

B. Coverslip lowered onto slide

103
Q

It is a syrupy fluid applied between

the section and coverslip setting section firmly

A

Mounting Medium

104
Q

What are the 2 Groups of Mounting Media

A

Aqueous and Resinous Media

105
Q

What are the components of Aqueous Media

A
  • Gelatin/Glycerin Jelly/ Gum Arabic
  • Glycerol
  • Sugar
106
Q

Group of Mounting Media recommended for majority of staining methods

A

Resinous Media

107
Q

What are the 4 characteristics Mounting Medium

A

The refractive index should be near as possible to that of the glass(1.518) to avoid distortion of image

  1. Should not Dry Quickly
  2. Should not dissolve out or fade tissue sections
  3. Should not cause shrinkage and distortions of tissues
  4. Should set hard producing
108
Q

what are the 2 types of Resinous Media

A

Synthetic and Natural

109
Q

It is a component of Mounting medium to solidify the media

A

Gelatin/Glycerin Jelly / Gum Arabic

110
Q

It is a type of Resinous Media used for embedding undecalcified bones

A

Synthetic

111
Q

A component of Mounting Media use to increase the refractive index

A

Sugar

112
Q

Groups of Mounting Media use to mount water miscible preparations

A

Aqeuous

113
Q

Groups of Mounting Media for prepartion that have been dehydrated and cleared with xylene and toulene

A

Resinous Media

114
Q

A component in Mounting Media that prevents cracking and drying

A

Glycerol

115
Q

Enumerate the 4 Natural Synthetic Resinous Media

A

Canada Balsam , DPX , XAM and Clarite

116
Q

Resinous Media is use on what types of microscope

A

Electron Microscope and Light Microscope

117
Q

How many sections in embedding in light microscope

A

1-2 sections

118
Q

A type of Natural Synthetic Resinous Media recommended for whole mounts and thick sections

A

Canada Balsam

119
Q

A type of Natural Synthetic Resinous Media that is recommended for small tissues drying

A

DPX

120
Q

A type of Natural Synthetic Resinous Media that is a mixture in xylene

A

XAM

121
Q

Clarite Refractive index is ?

A

1.544

122
Q

Dpx refractive index is ?

A

1.532

123
Q

XAM refractive index is ?

A

1.52

124
Q

Canada Balsam Refractive index is ?

A

1.524

125
Q

What are the 3 advantages of Canada Balsam

A
  • Does not shrink much
  • Sets Hard without granulation
  • Miscible with xylene
126
Q

What are the 2 advantages of XAM

A
  • Dries Quickly without retraction

* Preserves stain well

127
Q

What are the advantages of DPX

A

*Recommended fir small tissues drying

128
Q

What are the disadvantages of Canada Balsam

A

Expensive

129
Q

What are the disadvantages of DPX

A
  • Shrinkage produce

* Not for whole mount

130
Q

Cover slip size for Large

A

22/24x56/60 mm

131
Q

Cover slip size for Medium

A

22/24x40mm

132
Q

Cover slip size for Small

A

22x22mm

133
Q

What are the 5 types of Aqueous media

A

Water ,Glycerin , Gum Arabic , Apathy and Bruins

134
Q

R.I. of Gum Arabic

A

1.43

135
Q

R.I. of Apathy medium

A

1.53

136
Q

R.I. of Glycerin Jelly

A

1.44

137
Q

A type of Aqueous media use for methylene blue nerve preservation

A

Apathy Medium

138
Q

A type of Aqueous media use for frozen section

A

Bruin’s fluid

139
Q

A type of Aqueous media use as preservative

A

Glycerin Jelly

140
Q

A type of Aqueous media use when dehydration and clearing cannot be made

A

Glycerin Jelly

141
Q

Gum Arabic is also known as

A

Farrant’s media

Histopathology (8 decks)

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