important terms Flashcards
adaptation-level phenomenon
tendency to form judgements based relatively to our prior experiences
belief perseverance
clinging to one’s belief even when they have been discredited
belief bias
when one’s beliefs force them to distort logic in order to support that belief
confirmation bias
tendency to search for information that supports our beliefs
deindividuation
loss of self-awareness and self-restraint when in a group
false consensus effect
the tendency to believe that others agree with us more than they do
frusturation-aggression principle
frustration (being impeded from a goal) leads to aggressive behavior
group polarization
tendency for individual group members of two basically opposed views to become more extreme in their opposition to the other view
groupthink
when desire for harmony in a group overrides logical search for alternative solutions
hindsight bias
tendency to believe, after a solution has been found, that you know it all along
illusory correlation
the perception of a relationship where none exists because we only notice instances that fit our existing schemas or stereotypes (confirmation bias)
in-group bias
tendency to favor ones own group and to view the out-group negatively
just-world phenomenon
tendency to believe the world is just, and therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
mere exposure effect
phenomenon that repeated exposure to stimuli (or a person) makes you like it more
misinformation effect
incorporating false information into memories and believing they are accurate
overconfidence
tendency to believe our opinions are correct more often than they are
overjustification effect
the effect of offering a reward for something we already like to do, which can lead to someone not doing the behavior unless there is a reward
representativeness and availability heuristics
tendency to use short-cut decision making technique based on the most dramatic example and prototypes of stimuli we are deciding about
self-serving bias
a readiness to believe good things about ourselves. The reverse is felt for others and is called the fundamental attribution error
fundamental attributo error
overestimating dispositional (personality traits) over situational factors when judging the negative behavior of someone else
serial position effect
tendency to remember the first and last item in a list
social facilitation
improved performance on tasks in front of groups, it applies to tasks we know well or do well, not to newly learned to difficult tasks
social loafing
tendency for individuals engaged in a group task to work less hard than if they were bring held individually accountable or working alone
social trap
a situation when those engaged in a conflicting pursuit of self-interest become caught in mutually self-destructive behavior
