important terms

Question 1

adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 1

tendency to form judgements based relatively to our prior experiences

Question 2

belief perseverance

Answer 2

clinging to one’s belief even when they have been discredited

Question 3

belief bias

Answer 3

when one’s beliefs force them to distort logic in order to support that belief

Question 4

confirmation bias

Answer 4

tendency to search for information that supports our beliefs

Question 5

deindividuation

Answer 5

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint when in a group

Question 6

false consensus effect

Answer 6

the tendency to believe that others agree with us more than they do

Question 7

frusturation-aggression principle

Answer 7

frustration (being impeded from a goal) leads to aggressive behavior

Question 8

group polarization

Answer 8

tendency for individual group members of two basically opposed views to become more extreme in their opposition to the other view

Question 9

groupthink

Answer 9

when desire for harmony in a group overrides logical search for alternative solutions

Question 10

hindsight bias

Answer 10

tendency to believe, after a solution has been found, that you know it all along

Question 11

illusory correlation

Answer 11

the perception of a relationship where none exists because we only notice instances that fit our existing schemas or stereotypes (confirmation bias)

Question 12

in-group bias

Answer 12

tendency to favor ones own group and to view the out-group negatively

Question 13

just-world phenomenon

Answer 13

tendency to believe the world is just, and therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 14

mere exposure effect

Answer 14

phenomenon that repeated exposure to stimuli (or a person) makes you like it more

Question 15

misinformation effect

Answer 15

incorporating false information into memories and believing they are accurate

Question 16

overconfidence

Answer 16

tendency to believe our opinions are correct more often than they are

Question 17

overjustification effect

Answer 17

the effect of offering a reward for something we already like to do, which can lead to someone not doing the behavior unless there is a reward

Question 18

representativeness and availability heuristics

Answer 18

tendency to use short-cut decision making technique based on the most dramatic example and prototypes of stimuli we are deciding about

Question 19

self-serving bias

Answer 19

a readiness to believe good things about ourselves. The reverse is felt for others and is called the fundamental attribution error

Question 20

fundamental attributo error

Answer 20

overestimating dispositional (personality traits) over situational factors when judging the negative behavior of someone else

Question 21

serial position effect

Answer 21

tendency to remember the first and last item in a list

Question 22

social facilitation

Answer 22

improved performance on tasks in front of groups, it applies to tasks we know well or do well, not to newly learned to difficult tasks

Question 23

social loafing

Answer 23

tendency for individuals engaged in a group task to work less hard than if they were bring held individually accountable or working alone

Question 24

social trap

Answer 24

a situation when those engaged in a conflicting pursuit of self-interest become caught in mutually self-destructive behavior