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imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the major motivations behind imperialism?

A

-EMPIRE
-money: raw materials for factories, new markets
-national pride
-racism, social darwinism
-missionary motives

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2
Q

how did imperialism positvely impact the conquered peoples?

A

-economic growth
-technological growth- railroads, dams, telephone and telegraph lines
-education
-healthcare

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3
Q

how did imperialism negatively impact the conquered peoples?

A

-lost control of land
-destroyed families, ethnic groups, and culture
-slavery
-increased local warfare and political unrest

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4
Q

what role did technology and communication play in imperialism?

A

-it made colonizing areas more efficient
-railroads helped them gain territory
-these were also advantages conquered people gained from being colonized
-new tech like guns helped them conquer easier

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5
Q

what were some of the resistance movements against imperialism and how successful were they?

A

-taiping rebellion: unsuccessful
-boxer rebellion: unsuccessful
-sepoy mutiny: unsuccessful

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6
Q

how did imperialism shape the political/ economic landscape of today?

A

-divided africa in many of the countries it is now
-china and japan now have open trade
-china tries to never put themselves in a position to be humiliated again

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7
Q

is imperilaism a thing of the past or do you see it still present in politics and economics today?

A

-it is still seen today
-while many countries don’t colonize places anymore they still use principles of imperialism
-places still try to conquer or trade with other places to get money

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8
Q

what lessons can wer learn from imperialsim? how can we use these to inform our understanding of modern-day globalization and international relations?

A

-we can learn that we have to respect the value of other people’s culture
-view each person as a child of God and image-bearer
-try to be respectful in all we do
-when we take action that will affect another country consider how it will affect them, not just us

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9
Q

EMPIRE

A

motives for imperialism:
exploratory
military
political
ideological
religious
economic

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10
Q

white man’s burden

A

-piece by ruyard kipling
-idea that many european countries had a duty to spread culture/religion to the less civilized

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11
Q

isolationist policy of japan

A

-national policy of avoiding involvment in world affairs
-had it until meiji restoration

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12
Q

admiral perry’s black ships

A

-U.S. warships that came into edo bay on 1853
-told japan that they had to open trade
-caused meiji resotration

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13
Q

japanese civil war

A

-aka boshin war
-1868-1869
-fought between tokagawa and people who wanted to give power to the emperor

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14
Q

meiji restoration

A

-1853
-japanese industrialization/westernization
-eliminated shogun, daimyo, and samurai
-gave power to emperor
-created 3 branch govt.
-were able to pick and choose what they wanted to use from other western govts

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15
Q

meiji slogan

A

“westernize, industrialize”

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16
Q

meiji industrialization

A

modernized…
-transporation (ports, railroad)
-communication (telegraph, postal system)
-education
-banking system
also…
-sold govt buisnesses to investors/ buisness families

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17
Q

meiji reforms

A

-abolition of feudal system
-land redistribution
-westernized school system (french and german)
-modernized army (prussia)
-built modern navy (britain)
-emperor worship intensified
-more human rights and religious freedoms (america)
-written constitution (german, america)
-modern banking system

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18
Q

meiji world tour

A

-ambassadors sent around the world
-goal was to learn about western industries

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19
Q

japan’s imperialist policies

A

-needed to expand bc they lacked natural resources
-wanted new markets
-wanted to show other countries they were powerful

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20
Q

sino-japanese war

A

-1894-1895
-between japan and china
-showed china was paper tiger but japan was strong
-japan gained its first colonies in manchuria, taiwan, and pescadores islands

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21
Q

russo-japanese war

A

-1904-1905
-between russia and japan
-fought over manchurian territory
-russia was defeated by japanese navy
-showed they could compete with the big powers in europe

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22
Q

east india company

A

-joint-stock trading company
-became defacto government in india
-set up trading posts in india in the 1600s
-started british interest in india

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23
Q

robert clive

A

-english general in EIC
-led battle of plessy and commanded EIC’s private army

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24
Q

jewel in the crown

A

-what britain called india
-there were jewels there
-most valuable british colony

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25
Q

sepoys

A

-indian troops hired by EIC for private army

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26
Q

sepoy mutiny

A

-sepoys and indian citizens rebelled against EIC and britain
-1857
-EIC offended them religiously and culturally

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27
Q

scramble for africa

A

-start of imperialism in africa
-rapid invasion by european powers
-they all wanted to colonize africa

28
Q

berlin conference

A

-1885
-held by otto von bismarck
-divided up africa between european countries
-after leopold seized congo they got scared
-eliminated/pverrode most existing forms of african governance

29
Q

terror in belgian congo

A

-leopold was infamous for his cruelty to them
-he was forced to sell congo to the belgian govt

30
Q

king leopold

A

-belgian king
-used christian mission as an excuse to claim congo river
-abused congo people to reach higher rubber quota
-set off scramble for africa

31
Q

congo free state

A

-governed by belgium in colonial times

32
Q

queen victoria

A

-queen of england and ireland
-empress of india from 1837-1901
-lived from 1819-1901

33
Q

french foreign legion

A

-french army
-used in france’s colonial empire

34
Q

suez canal

A

-built by egypt after they escaped ottoman rule
-financed by french
-egypt took out a loan from britain to pay france back
-britain took it over eventually
-connected red sea to mediteranean

35
Q

french colonial possesions in africa

A

-algeria
-tunis
-morocco
-madagascar
-somalialnd
-west africa
-sudan (shared w brit)

36
Q

british colonial possesion in africa

A

-egypt
-rhodesia
-beuchaland
-kenya
-sudan (shared w france)

37
Q

geopolitical hotspot

A

-usually fought over/highly desired because of regions importance to maintaining political supremacy there
-usually good for trade or good natural resources

38
Q

russia and great britain in iran (aka persia)

A

-gb was concerned about russias intentions in india
-iran owned land between russia and gb
-iran forcced to conceed to gb
-oil was found there but they didn’t have money to develop it
-allowed other western buisnesses to develop it but eventually kicked them out

39
Q

china’s response to imperialism

A

-rejected foreign influence
-tried to isolate
-eventually rebelled against spheres of influence in boxer rebellion

40
Q

empress cixi (tutzi)

A

-1862-1908
-sole ruler of china
-wanted to update education, diplomatic service, military, and economy (steam factories)
-backed by powerful nations bc she wanted advanced

41
Q

trade imbalance

A

-when one country is buying more than they are getting back in trade
-ex gb and china
-gb loved tea, silk, porcelian
-china only wanted silver
-gb didn’t have any silver

42
Q

opium war

A

-1839-1842, 1856-1860
-wars btwn gb and china bc gb was importing opium
-ended with chinese treaty to british
-allowed foreign trade in more ports and extrateritoritality

43
Q

chinese junk

A

-chinese boat in navy
-not very advanced
-eventually destroyed by british navy
-designed for long distance commercial travel

44
Q

ethnocentrism

A

-belief that your culture is better than anyone elses

45
Q

taiping rebellion

A

-1850-1864
-happened after opium wars
-result of bad discipleship
-hong xiuquan thought he was the brother of Jesus and was meant to spread peace in china
-bloodiest civil war
-20+ million lost

46
Q

hong xiuquan

A

-leader of taiping rebellion
-christian confucian/socialist

47
Q

speheres of influence

A

-france, great britain, germany, japan, and russia all tried ot monopolize trade in a certain area

48
Q

open door policy

A

-declared/ forced on chinese by john hay
-idea that china should be open to all foriegn trade

49
Q

john hay

A

-us secretary of state
-declared open door policy in china

50
Q

social darwinism

A

-darwins evolutionary theory in terms of powerful nations
-if i can conquer you i’m mean to conquer you bc im stronger than you
-survival of the fittest

51
Q

david livingstone

A

-1813-1873
-scottish missionary
-first man to “open up” africa
-converted many africans to christianity
-declared lost and found by henry stanley

52
Q

otto von bismarck

A

-former chancellor of prussia
-became chancellor of germany after he united them
-led prussia to victory against austria and france

53
Q

blood and iron

A

-speech by otto von bismarck
-industry and military will unite germany, not talk and ideas

54
Q

franco-prussian war

A

-war btwn france and prussia that formed germany into a united nation

55
Q

realpolitick

A

-politics applying to real life/ practical instead of in ideas/ policy

56
Q

ottoman empire

A

-sick man of europe
-had too much territory and not enough resources/power ot govern it

57
Q

great game

A

-struggle btwn gb and russia to gain control of central asia in 19th century
-iran is part of this

58
Q

militarism

A

-belief that country should have strong miliitary capability

59
Q

imperialism

A

-strong country seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically

60
Q

nationailsm

A

-strong feeling of pride/devotion to one’s country

61
Q

ethiopia

A

-only country in africa to not be colonized in scramble for africa

62
Q

cecil rhodes

A

-british entreprenuer and politician
-rhodesia named after him
-involved in expansion of british empire from south africa to central africa
-involved in attempt to build a railroad from south africa to alexandria

63
Q

south africa

A

-boer war fought bc of it (boers vs british)
-british took control of dutch colony on southern coast of south africa
0boers moved north to esape british (aka great trek)

64
Q

pogram

A

-organized/ officially encouraged massacre/genocide towards minority, especially to jews (happened in russia)
-meant to redirect anger towards govt to someone else

65
Q

repressive rule

A

-ruler seeks to limit freedom of his ppl through physical restraints

history (7 decks)

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