imperialism Flashcards
what were the major motivations behind imperialism?
-EMPIRE
-money: raw materials for factories, new markets
-national pride
-racism, social darwinism
-missionary motives
how did imperialism positvely impact the conquered peoples?
-economic growth
-technological growth- railroads, dams, telephone and telegraph lines
-education
-healthcare
how did imperialism negatively impact the conquered peoples?
-lost control of land
-destroyed families, ethnic groups, and culture
-slavery
-increased local warfare and political unrest
what role did technology and communication play in imperialism?
-it made colonizing areas more efficient
-railroads helped them gain territory
-these were also advantages conquered people gained from being colonized
-new tech like guns helped them conquer easier
what were some of the resistance movements against imperialism and how successful were they?
-taiping rebellion: unsuccessful
-boxer rebellion: unsuccessful
-sepoy mutiny: unsuccessful
how did imperialism shape the political/ economic landscape of today?
-divided africa in many of the countries it is now
-china and japan now have open trade
-china tries to never put themselves in a position to be humiliated again
is imperilaism a thing of the past or do you see it still present in politics and economics today?
-it is still seen today
-while many countries don’t colonize places anymore they still use principles of imperialism
-places still try to conquer or trade with other places to get money
what lessons can wer learn from imperialsim? how can we use these to inform our understanding of modern-day globalization and international relations?
-we can learn that we have to respect the value of other people’s culture
-view each person as a child of God and image-bearer
-try to be respectful in all we do
-when we take action that will affect another country consider how it will affect them, not just us
EMPIRE
motives for imperialism:
exploratory
military
political
ideological
religious
economic
white man’s burden
-piece by ruyard kipling
-idea that many european countries had a duty to spread culture/religion to the less civilized
isolationist policy of japan
-national policy of avoiding involvment in world affairs
-had it until meiji restoration
admiral perry’s black ships
-U.S. warships that came into edo bay on 1853
-told japan that they had to open trade
-caused meiji resotration
japanese civil war
-aka boshin war
-1868-1869
-fought between tokagawa and people who wanted to give power to the emperor
meiji restoration
-1853
-japanese industrialization/westernization
-eliminated shogun, daimyo, and samurai
-gave power to emperor
-created 3 branch govt.
-were able to pick and choose what they wanted to use from other western govts
meiji slogan
“westernize, industrialize”
meiji industrialization
modernized…
-transporation (ports, railroad)
-communication (telegraph, postal system)
-education
-banking system
also…
-sold govt buisnesses to investors/ buisness families
meiji reforms
-abolition of feudal system
-land redistribution
-westernized school system (french and german)
-modernized army (prussia)
-built modern navy (britain)
-emperor worship intensified
-more human rights and religious freedoms (america)
-written constitution (german, america)
-modern banking system
meiji world tour
-ambassadors sent around the world
-goal was to learn about western industries
japan’s imperialist policies
-needed to expand bc they lacked natural resources
-wanted new markets
-wanted to show other countries they were powerful
sino-japanese war
-1894-1895
-between japan and china
-showed china was paper tiger but japan was strong
-japan gained its first colonies in manchuria, taiwan, and pescadores islands
russo-japanese war
-1904-1905
-between russia and japan
-fought over manchurian territory
-russia was defeated by japanese navy
-showed they could compete with the big powers in europe
east india company
-joint-stock trading company
-became defacto government in india
-set up trading posts in india in the 1600s
-started british interest in india
robert clive
-english general in EIC
-led battle of plessy and commanded EIC’s private army
jewel in the crown
-what britain called india
-there were jewels there
-most valuable british colony
sepoys
-indian troops hired by EIC for private army
sepoy mutiny
-sepoys and indian citizens rebelled against EIC and britain
-1857
-EIC offended them religiously and culturally
scramble for africa
-start of imperialism in africa
-rapid invasion by european powers
-they all wanted to colonize africa
berlin conference
-1885
-held by otto von bismarck
-divided up africa between european countries
-after leopold seized congo they got scared
-eliminated/pverrode most existing forms of african governance
terror in belgian congo
-leopold was infamous for his cruelty to them
-he was forced to sell congo to the belgian govt
king leopold
-belgian king
-used christian mission as an excuse to claim congo river
-abused congo people to reach higher rubber quota
-set off scramble for africa
congo free state
-governed by belgium in colonial times
queen victoria
-queen of england and ireland
-empress of india from 1837-1901
-lived from 1819-1901
french foreign legion
-french army
-used in france’s colonial empire
suez canal
-built by egypt after they escaped ottoman rule
-financed by french
-egypt took out a loan from britain to pay france back
-britain took it over eventually
-connected red sea to mediteranean
french colonial possesions in africa
-algeria
-tunis
-morocco
-madagascar
-somalialnd
-west africa
-sudan (shared w brit)
british colonial possesion in africa
-egypt
-rhodesia
-beuchaland
-kenya
-sudan (shared w france)
geopolitical hotspot
-usually fought over/highly desired because of regions importance to maintaining political supremacy there
-usually good for trade or good natural resources
russia and great britain in iran (aka persia)
-gb was concerned about russias intentions in india
-iran owned land between russia and gb
-iran forcced to conceed to gb
-oil was found there but they didn’t have money to develop it
-allowed other western buisnesses to develop it but eventually kicked them out
china’s response to imperialism
-rejected foreign influence
-tried to isolate
-eventually rebelled against spheres of influence in boxer rebellion
empress cixi (tutzi)
-1862-1908
-sole ruler of china
-wanted to update education, diplomatic service, military, and economy (steam factories)
-backed by powerful nations bc she wanted advanced
trade imbalance
-when one country is buying more than they are getting back in trade
-ex gb and china
-gb loved tea, silk, porcelian
-china only wanted silver
-gb didn’t have any silver
opium war
-1839-1842, 1856-1860
-wars btwn gb and china bc gb was importing opium
-ended with chinese treaty to british
-allowed foreign trade in more ports and extrateritoritality
chinese junk
-chinese boat in navy
-not very advanced
-eventually destroyed by british navy
-designed for long distance commercial travel
ethnocentrism
-belief that your culture is better than anyone elses
taiping rebellion
-1850-1864
-happened after opium wars
-result of bad discipleship
-hong xiuquan thought he was the brother of Jesus and was meant to spread peace in china
-bloodiest civil war
-20+ million lost
hong xiuquan
-leader of taiping rebellion
-christian confucian/socialist
speheres of influence
-france, great britain, germany, japan, and russia all tried ot monopolize trade in a certain area
open door policy
-declared/ forced on chinese by john hay
-idea that china should be open to all foriegn trade
john hay
-us secretary of state
-declared open door policy in china
social darwinism
-darwins evolutionary theory in terms of powerful nations
-if i can conquer you i’m mean to conquer you bc im stronger than you
-survival of the fittest
david livingstone
-1813-1873
-scottish missionary
-first man to “open up” africa
-converted many africans to christianity
-declared lost and found by henry stanley
otto von bismarck
-former chancellor of prussia
-became chancellor of germany after he united them
-led prussia to victory against austria and france
blood and iron
-speech by otto von bismarck
-industry and military will unite germany, not talk and ideas
franco-prussian war
-war btwn france and prussia that formed germany into a united nation
realpolitick
-politics applying to real life/ practical instead of in ideas/ policy
ottoman empire
-sick man of europe
-had too much territory and not enough resources/power ot govern it
great game
-struggle btwn gb and russia to gain control of central asia in 19th century
-iran is part of this
militarism
-belief that country should have strong miliitary capability
imperialism
-strong country seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically
nationailsm
-strong feeling of pride/devotion to one’s country
ethiopia
-only country in africa to not be colonized in scramble for africa
cecil rhodes
-british entreprenuer and politician
-rhodesia named after him
-involved in expansion of british empire from south africa to central africa
-involved in attempt to build a railroad from south africa to alexandria
south africa
-boer war fought bc of it (boers vs british)
-british took control of dutch colony on southern coast of south africa
0boers moved north to esape british (aka great trek)
pogram
-organized/ officially encouraged massacre/genocide towards minority, especially to jews (happened in russia)
-meant to redirect anger towards govt to someone else
repressive rule
-ruler seeks to limit freedom of his ppl through physical restraints
