england, enlightenment, and scientific revolution

Question 1

thomas hobbes

Answer 1

-1651
-the leviathan
-argued for absolutism
-man is born evil and selfish
-needs a strong ruler to suppress it

Question 2

fontenelle

Answer 2

-1686
-conversations on the plurality of words
-tried to bring science to the masses by writing it into fiction

Question 3

john locke

Answer 3

-1690
-concerning human understanding
-man is born a blank slate
-tabla rasa
-society/education/environment determine his success
-two treatise on civil government
-man is born with 3 natural rights
-life, liberty, and property
-govt should protect those rights
-if they don’t the people have a right to rise up and form a new one

Question 4

voltaire

Answer 4

-1726
-letters concerning english nation
-religious tolerance is a must

Question 5

montesqueiu

Answer 5

-1748
-french
-the spirit of the law
-absolute govts get too strong
-govts should divide power into three branches
-executive, legislative, and judicial

Question 6

david hume

Answer 6

-1711-1776
-scottish philosopher
-truth = what you percieve
-miracles aren’t real

Question 7

adam smith

Answer 7

-1776
-scottish economist
-no more mercantilism
-wealth of nations
-father of capitalism
-allowed individuals to pursue their own wealth

Question 8

rousseau

Answer 8

-1712-1778
-the social contract
-“man is born free and everywhere in chains”
-govt is a social contract
-if the govt breaks it the people have a right to rise up and make a new one
-emile
-life is better when you grow up away from civilization
-society threatens natural rights and freedoms

Question 9

mary wollstonecraft

Answer 9

-1790
-english writer and early feminist
-women can’t contribute to society if they aren’t properly educated

Question 10

rene descartes

Answer 10

-1623
-discourse on method
-french
-“I think therefore I am”
-doubt everything in order to find out what is true
-inductive vs. deductive reasoning

Question 11

francis bacon

Answer 11

-1627
-english
-formalized empiricism (relying on real experience)
-inductive reasoning
-novum organum

Question 12

inductive vs. deductive reasoning

Answer 12

-inductive = start at observations and work your way into premise
-deductive = start with premise and find reasons second

Question 13

isaac newton

Answer 13

-english mathematician and scientist
-invented differential calculus
-theory of universal gravitation
-theory of nature of light
-3 laws of motion
-world works on laws that can be discovered by man

Question 14

galileo

Answer 14

-italian scientist and astronomber
-invented telescope
-argued heliocentric

Question 15

copernicus

Answer 15

-heliocentric