Imperialism

Question 1

Doc 4- pg 43

Answer 1

Writer doens’t believe africans can be modified or civilized. Social Darwinism. Shouldn’t settle against an inferior race, but should go drive out the inferior. They contributed nothing to society. Thought they wouldn’t progress if they were on equal ground. “Struggle of tribe with tribe, and nation with nations, may have its mournful side; but… it is more beneficial if it’s guided by natural selection.”

Question 2

PG 100-

Answer 2

Prophet-diviner said to kill their cattle, destroy grain, and no crops. Ancestors would rise, they would have beautiful, new cattle, and white men would be gone. Resulted in starvation and broke power in Xhosa who had fought numerous wars against white settlers.
Was the earliest act of passive resistance movement in SA. Symbols and themes can be found in resistance movements in South africa. Can be compared to boy cots and bus boycotts.
Like the Ghost Dance Movement. Tribal population drops from 105,000 to 27,000

Question 3

Pg 67

Answer 3

Moshweshwe I in 1858, founder and chief of the Basuto people wrote a letter . White men and their laws were limited. Amongst them was the english. Praised them, though they were honest. George Napier marked down limits on treaties. Let white people abide by the laws of Britain while there. Sir Harry Smith said to get rid of the chiefs, and make British law their law. Boers consider farms their own now and buying and selling, driving out his people. There was inner conflict within other tribes and killing and stealing from them= Korannas and Sikonyela were used as a distraction. The major gave them orders to do so, and said if you don’t sign this map then he won’t help them. There would be a great war. War with somewhat diplomacy

Question 4

Causes of Imperialism
Economic

Answer 4

wanted to control global trade and commerce. Wanted to industrialize western countries to make production and transportation greater. Needed raw materials like copper, tin, rubber, and petroleum

Question 5

Causes of Imperialism
Nationalism

Answer 5

Thought they had the right lifestyle and doing a good thing by spreading their culture and territory into other places. Quell fighting between capitalists, socialists, and communities by saying imperialism is good for all as a distraction.

Question 6

Causes of Imperialism
White Man’s Burden

Answer 6

Thought they had a superior way of life that non-white people don’t have access to. Thought it was their job to spread their lifestyle and enlightenment ideals to other countries.

Question 7

Causes of Imperialism
Social Darwinism

Answer 7

Social survival of the fittest. Asked “if they were truly chosen by god, how could the white people take them over?”. If you were an inferior race, then you should be taken over by superior.

Question 8

Causes of Imperialism
Military

Answer 8

Control choke-points for trade. Before, it took 2+ years to send a message. 1850, steamships caused faster transportation, and the taking over the construction of the Suez canal in 1869. They needed refueling stations like the Sinai peninsula, strait of melaka, and isthmus of panama.

Question 9

British India
Mughal Decline

Answer 9

Marathan warrior caste rose up and weakened Mughals in 1707, creating chaos. British transition from company rule, to direct rule and abolish the Mughal empire. New tech allows British company to overcome more Indians.

Question 10

British India
Company Rule

Answer 10

It was to make as much profit as possible. They rule through local rajas, using india for cheap tea, cotton, opium, and new markets. Build infrastructure like railroads. Indirect use of control.

Question 11

British India
Reason for Loss of Company Rule

Answer 11

The Sepoy Mutiny Rebellion of 1857 was about the british using rifles lubricated from pig and cow fat which is against hindu and muslim cultures to handle or eat. They uprise across Northern/Central India-Sepoys. Those angry at their economy was taken away. After several battles, brits gain control, and peace is declared in 1858

Question 12

British India
Government Rule

Answer 12

West rules the country though bureaucracy. The high levels were westerners, and lower levels were natives. They made tax collection, labor, military recruitment, to maintain law and order. Indians were educated in Western schools, teaching enlightenment ideas.

Question 13

Belgian Congo
Leopold II’s rule

Answer 13

He negotiated for a port in the Berlin Conference to get extraction of goods. He at first used diplomacy to sign a treaty, but if that didn’t work, he used a lot of violence. Mass violence and exploitation of colony creates pressure to switch to be belgian government rule in 1908.

Question 14

Belgian Congo
Government Rule

Answer 14

Also lead to poverty and violence, to where if slaves weren’t working fast enough, wives were held hostage, hands were bot off, people were beaten and killed.

Question 15

Dutch in Indonesia
VOC interest and loss of indonesia

Answer 15

VOC challenged portugal’s control over region for spices and tea. 1800 dutch government officials takes over colony after VOC goes bankrupt.

Question 16

Dutch in Indonesia
Java War

Answer 16

(1825-1830)- Rebellion led by local rulers who resented loss of control to the Dutch, but failed.

Question 17

Dutch in Indonesia
Cultivation System

Answer 17

Forced peasants to work on plantations 60 days of the year.

Question 18

US Imperialism
Spanish American War

Answer 18

Us defeats spain after claiming sabotage for blowing up USS maine battleship in Havana Harbor and declared war on spain. Us navy destroyed the spanish fleet in Manilla, taking possession of guam and Philippines; spain’s last colonies in the Pacific. Us quickly established colonial governments in 1899

Question 19

US Imperialism
Philippine Insurrection

Answer 19

US promised Filipinos independence after defeating Spain. President McKinley bought them under US control instead. The Filipino then rebelled and killed thousands of US soldiers, but more than 200,000 filipino troops and citizens were killed by 1906.

Question 20

Europeans in Africa
Interest in Africa

Answer 20

They now have medicine to combat malaria and can go inland. Missionaries and businessmen want converts and raw materials, so they create superimposed non-ethnographic boundaries.

Question 21

Europeans in Africa
Berlin Conference

Answer 21

To avoid war with other Europeans over africa, they set up rules for colonization and divided up africa, but didn’t involve the africans. This leads to conflicts between Europeans and africans, while they are dependent on colonists because they are taking all their resources. This leads to massacres, poverty, and the Belgian Congo.

Question 22

British Settlement of South Africa

Answer 22

The british take over during Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815). Wanted south Africa for a refueling station. Afrikaners and Boers move north to escape English rule in the Great Trek, 1833. They battle with the Zulu tribes trying to assert independence from European settlers. British settles inland to protect the route to India. moshweshwe I in 1858 was the chief of the Basuto people. Had a treaty with George Napier where white people abide by laws of britain. Then Harry Smith made british law theirs. Boers were buying and selling goods, and driving out his people. They made the Koranas and Sekonyela to distract him and force him to sign a map or else there would be war.

Question 23

Anglo-Zulu War

Answer 23

(1879)- Gold and diamonds were discovered so Britain invades into Boer territory in Zulu(1899-1902), so it was Whites vs. whites. Vs. blacks. Caused decrease in food production, poverty and anger. White and black farmers have to work in gold mines. Britain found cause for war when Zulu held an engineer and rader hostage. Forced Zulu chief to disband his army, but he refused. They were able to win a battle with the cow horn maneuver, where they came from each side of a British column of troops.

Question 24

French Settlement of North Africa

Answer 24

Algeria was a french settlement colony. Collected debts owed to them by the Algerian government from goods and food imported during the Napoleonic war. They wanted to remove influence from the ottomans and suppress piracy. Used local arabs as labor forces or forced them out. Were incredibly violent towards arabs, often killing men over fifteen and moving women and children to the Marquesas islands.

Question 25

Nationalistic Resistance to British India
Indian National Congress (1885)

Answer 25

Led by wealthy/educated elites in India. They work with Britain to gain suffrage, address starvation, aid development of Indian Business.

Question 26

Nationalistic resistance to British in India
Muslim League (1906)

Answer 26

Because of the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League was able to represent interests of muslims.

Question 27

Periphery States
Zulu

Answer 27

Great trek where Britain moved Boers inland caused zulu tribes to war with them to get independence from European settler.

Question 28

Periphery States
Siam (Thailand)

Answer 28

It was used as a buffer state between Britain and French colonies with independent rule.

Question 29

Xhosa Cattle-killing movement

Answer 29

Prophet diviner said to kill their cattle, and destroy gain and crops. Thought the ancestors would rise, have beautiful new cattle, and the white men would be gone. Resulted in starvation and broke power in Xhosa who had fought numerous wars against white settlers. It was the earliest act of passive resistance. Similar to the ghost dance movement. Tribal population drops from 105,000 to 27,000

Question 30

India Becomes a Dependent economy
Exports and Imports

Answer 30

Part of singapore becomes busiest center of trade and was the base for british conquest of malay peninsula. They had tin and rubber. Burma (myanmar) was under control in the 1800s, and had teak wood, ivory, rabies, and jade.

Question 31

India Becomes a Dependent Economy
British Investments in India

Answer 31

They wanted to establish colonies to secure trade routes from india to china to trade opium. They capture Burma and Malay.

Question 32

Emigration from India
Famine

Answer 32

Farmers were forced to give up food production in favor of growing cotton to buy British goods and pay for those taxes. The government didn’t have enough money to create their own products so they resorted to growing a single crop to sell to britain, resulting in a loss of food production.

Question 33

Emigration from India
Indentured Servitude

Answer 33

Indentured servants to southern Africa, Caribbean, South America, SE asia, in order to work in mines and do agricultural work

Question 34

Chinese Exclusion act (1882)

Answer 34

If your cultures or languages didn’t aline with others, they thought they needed to leave. It was 10 years of prohibition of chinese labor immigration. Federal law proscribed entry of an ethnic working group on the premise that it endangered the good order of certain localities.

Question 35

White Australia Policy

Answer 35

They wanted to breed the color/blood out of colored people. Encouraged white men to have children with aboriginal women. Saw the chinese as pests that needed to be removed. Thought they were helping these aboriginal communities by getting rid of their skin color and genetics.