1st Industrial Revolution (started in early 1700s-1830s)

Question 1

Increase supply of food for workers

Answer 1

Jethro Tull’s seed drill of 1701 allowed Britain to plant faster, and the McCormick Reaper (1830s) allowed faster harvest. Population increased because of faster production of food, meaning there was more cheap labor.

Question 2

Factors Contributing to Industrialization in England
Waterways

Answer 2

Britain had access to aquatic transportation because of rivers, canals, and the Atlantic ocean. They were able to carry heavy cargo, lots of people, over oceans and river systems.

Question 3

Factors Contributing to Industrialization in England
Access To Raw Materials

Answer 3

Had access to grain, timber, and beef from the Americas, as well as using steamboat and railroads to increase transportation. They had sugar and cotton, leading to textile industry growth.

Question 4

Factors Contributing to Industrialization in England
Legal Protection of Property

Answer 4

there were property laws because the government was constitutional.

Question 5

Factors Contributing to Industrialization in England
Capital

Answer 5

Capital is wealth in the form of money, gained from Joint Stock Companies, Insurance (helps you rebuild), Banking (multiplier effect), and Limited Liability (no one person is taking all financial responsibility of a failed business). People need a lot of capital to build machines.

Question 6

Factory System Development

Answer 6

There were large factory systems with better mechanization, and lots of cheap unskilled labor. However, this caused a lot of commuting for workers, and impacting families. Workers lose control of the workday and product they are producing since they are no longer leading in charge of their craft.

Question 7

Division of Labor Adaptation

Answer 7

There is no longer one worker working on an entire job by themselves. There are multiple people working on the creation of a single product. This made their work days incredibly long, and in unhealthy conditions. They had deformities because of how hard they worked in these factories.

Question 8

Specialization of Labor

Answer 8

The factory system leads to specialization of labor, where, for example, ad single man draws out a wire, another straightens it, a third cuts it, another points it, and so on. Each production of a single item requires many different people for a single job.

Question 9

Steam Engine

Answer 9

James Watt invents the steam engine in 1765. Steel is smelted from iron and coal using steam engine technology, making it cheaply and quickly. Steam engines helped to flush out coal mines, creating pollution.

Question 10

Internal combustion engine

Answer 10

Harness the power of hot air expanding during an explosion. Was able to be used on a boat against the current, but couldn’t find a commercial use since it wasn’t a sustainable source of fuel.

Question 11

Textile Machines

Answer 11

They had the Spinning Jenny (1764), and the water frame that could spin 4 strands of yarn at the same time. The use of wool wasn’t fast enough, so they drove England toward textile manufacturing. They had full-scale factories with mass production and unskilled labor for textiles.

Question 12

Fossil Fuels

Answer 12

They used wood, coal, oil, and soon made coke, a purified form of coal. They had a lack of charcoal because of deforestation.

Question 13

Putting out system and Proto-facotories

Answer 13

Since guilds were too expensive, contractors would give products out to people in rural areas to make a product for money. Textile demands increases, so they use water power for larger machines, and specialized tasks in factories