impact of physical activity on sport and health Flashcards
What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?
Coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs when the coronary arteries become hardened, blocked, or narrow due to a gradual build-up of fatty deposits called atheroma.
What causes atherosclerosis?
High blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol, lack of exercise, and smoking can all cause atherosclerosis.
What is the impact of atherosclerosis on the heart?
Atherosclerosis limits the supply of oxygen to the heart, resulting in a heart attack.
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall, coming from the heart as it pumps blood around the body.
What are the risks of high blood pressure?
High blood pressure increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke, or dementia.
How can exercise affect blood pressure?
Regular aerobic exercise can reduce blood pressure by lowering both systolic and diastolic pressure by up to 5-10mmHg.
What are LDLs?
LDLs (low-density lipoproteins) transport cholesterol in the blood to the tissues and are classed as ‘bad’ cholesterol linked to an increased risk of heart disease.
What are HDLs?
HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) transport excess cholesterol back to the liver and are classed as ‘good’ cholesterol since they lower the risk of developing heart disease.
What is atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is when arteries harden and narrow, becoming blocked with fatty deposits.
What does aerobic mean?
Aerobic refers to a reaction that occurs in the presence of oxygen.
how can heart disease lead to a heart attack
If a piece of atheroma breaks off, this can cause a blockage and cut off blood supply to the heart. This is known as a heart attack.
What is the role of oxygen in brain function?
The brain needs a constant supply of oxygenated blood and nutrients to maintain its function.
when does a stroke occur
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off, causing damage to brain cells, which then start to die.
What are the potential consequences of a stroke?
A stroke can lead to brain injury, disability, and sometimes death.
What are the two main types of stroke?
The two main types of stroke are ischaemic strokes and haemorrhagic strokes.
