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Stats ands Ops > IMO > Flashcards

IMO Flashcards

1
Q

What does IMO stand for?

A

International Maritime Organisation.

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2
Q

What is the role of IMO?

A

IMO is responsible for the safety, security, and environmental performance of international shipping.

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3
Q

Describe the basic structure of IMO.

A

IMO consists of an Assembly, Council, and various committees and sub-committees.

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4
Q

What is the Assembly in IMO?

A

The Assembly is the highest governing body of IMO, consisting of all member states who meet every 2 years or more often in extraordinary cases if needed.

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5
Q

What is the Assembly responsible for?

A

Responsible for approving IMO’s work programme, for voting IMO’s budget and fordetermining IMO’s financial arrangements.

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6
Q

Who is the Council in IMO?

A

The Council is responsible for supervising the work of the IMO under the assembly and is made up of 40 elected member states.

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7
Q

Break down The Councils 40 elected member states.

A

10 Council members are Member States with the largest interest in providing international shipping services.

10 Council members are other States with the largest interest in international seaborne trade.

20 are other States with special interests in maritime transport or navigation.

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8
Q

List The Councils other functions besides supervising the IMO

A

Coordinate the activities of the organs of the Organisation

Consider the draft work program and budget estimates of the Organization and submit them to the Assembly

Receive reports and proposals of the Committees and other organs and submit them to the Assembly and Member States, with comments and recommendations

Appoint the secretary-general, subject to the approval of the Assembly

Enter into agreements or arrangements concerning the relationship of the Organisation with other organisations, subject to approval by the Assembly.

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9
Q

How does IMO achieve its functions?

A

By developing and adopting international regulations and guidelines for shipping.

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10
Q

Give an example of an IMO Code.

A

Answer: The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)

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11
Q

What is the purpose of IMO Conventions and Codes?

A

To set out clear and consistent rules for international shipping in various areas.

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12
Q

What are IMO Guidelines?

A

Guidelines provide recommendations for best practices in various aspects of shipping.

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13
Q

Define IMO Protocols.

A

Protocols are amendments to existing Conventions, usually to address specific issues or updates.

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14
Q

When was the Convention that founded the IMO adopted?

A

The Convention was adopted on 6th March 1948.

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15
Q

When was the name of the organisation changed to the International Maritime Organisation?

A

The name was changed on 22nd May 1982

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16
Q

How many signatory states are members of IMO?

A

IMO has 155 signatory states as members.

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17
Q

Where can you find IMO’s functions defined?

A

IMO’s functions are outlined in Article 1 of the Convention on the International Maritime Organisation.

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18
Q

What are the two of IMO’s primary roles?

A

IMO facilitates intergovernmental cooperation regarding state regulations and practices related to maritime technical matters.

IMO encourages the adoption of high standards for maritime safety, the efficiency of navigation and control and prevention of pollution from ships.

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19
Q

Who is responsible for enforcement and initiative within IMO?

A

Enforcement and initiative are carried out by Contracting Governments, also known as Flag States.

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19
Q

What authority do Member States have within IMO?

A

Member States can propose initiatives, conduct or commission research, and implement decisions related to maritime standards.

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20
Q

What is the role of the IMO Secretariat?

A

Answer: The IMO Secretariat’s role is primarily to encourage Member States to address issues that arise within the IMO.

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21
Q

List the structure of the IMO

A

The Assembly,
The Council,
The Maritime Safety Committee (MSC),
Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC),
Legal Committee,
Technical Cooperation Committee,
Facilitation Committee,
Sub-Committees,
The Secretariat

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22
Q

List the 5 Main Committees of the IMO

A

The Maritime Safety Committee (MSC),
Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC),
Legal Committee,
Technical Cooperation Committee,
Facilitation Committee

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23
Q

What is the primary role of the Maritime Safety Committee within IMO?

A

The MSC is the most senior technical body of the IMO and addresses matters related to navigation, vessel construction, equipment, safety procedures, collision prevention, dangerous cargoes and any maritime safety matters.

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24
Q

Who is part of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC)?

A

All Member States of IMO are part of the MSC.

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25
Q

What is another role of the MSC in terms of safety?

A

MSC(Maritime Saftey Commitie) is required to consider and submit recommendations and guidelines on safety matters for possible adoption by the IMO Assembly.

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26
Q

Can you provide examples of MSC Sub-Committees?

A

Safety of Navigation
* Manning
* Radio-communications
* Construction
* Lifesaving, Search, and Rescue
* Standards of Training and Watch- keeping
* Carriage of Dangerous Goods
* Ship Design and Equipment
* Fire Protection
* Salvage and Rescue
* Stability and Load Lines and Fishing Vessel Safety
* Collision prevention

27
Q

What is the primary role of the Marine Environment Protection Committee within IMO?

A

MEPC is responsible for matters within the organization’s scope related to prevention and control of pollution from ships.

28
Q

Who is part of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)?

A

All Member States of IMO.

29
Q

What does MEPC’s scope of work involve?

A

MEPC addresses matters concerning the prevention and control of pollution from ships.

30
Q

What are the duties of the Marine Environment Protection Committee?

A

MEPC’s duties include adopting and amending conventions, regulations, and measures related to pollution prevention, as well as ensuring their enforcement.

31
Q

How do Sub-Committees contribute to MEPC’s work?

A

Answer: Sub-Committees that report to the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) also report to MEPC when addressing matters related to pollution.

32
Q

What is the primary role of the Legal Committee?

A

The Legal Committee addresses legal matters related to international shipping, including liability and compensation issues, as well as the development and interpretation of international maritime law.

33
Q

What is the primary role of the Facilitation Committee?

A

The Facilitation Committee works to simplify and harmonize procedures used by ships, ports, and other maritime entities to ensure efficient and secure global maritime trade.

34
Q

What happens to the legal aspects of IMO’s activities and work?

A

The Committee on Technical Cooperation oversees and coordinates these activities, directing them to the Legal Committee due to the legal issues involved.

35
Q

Who comprises the Committees on Technical Cooperation and Legal?

A

Both the Committees on Technical Cooperation and Legal are made up of all Member States of IMO.

36
Q

What is the responsibility of the Facilitation Committee within IMO?

A

The Facilitation Committee, a subsidiary of the Council, is responsible for simplifying and minimizing documentation in international maritime traffic.

37
Q

What is the primary role of the Secretariat?

A

The Secretariat provides administrative support to IMO’s various bodies and facilitates communication between member states. It is headed by the Secretary-General.

38
Q

What is the primary role of the Secretary-general?

A

The Secretary-General is the chief executive officer of IMO, responsible for implementing decisions and managing the organization’s operations.

39
Q

What are the three main categories of IMO Conventions?

A

Maritime Safety
Prevention of Pollution
Liability and Compensation

40
Q

How are Conventions identified?

A

Conventions are identified by a name and the year of adoption by the Assembly, such as the “International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974.”

41
Q

What are annexes in relation to Conventions?

A

Some Conventions have detailed technical provisions attached as annexes, each dealing with specific aspects of maritime affairs, such as pollution.

42
Q

How do member states implement Conventions?

A

Member states that ratify or accede to a Convention must incorporate its requirements into their own national laws.

43
Q

What is the purpose of Protocols within IMO?

A

Protocols are important treaty instruments used to make major amendments to conventions that have been adopted but have not yet entered into force.

44
Q

Why are amendments made within IMO?

A

Amendments are made to Conventions, Protocols, or their Annexes to update or modify their content based on discussion, agreement, and adoption by the IMO Assembly.

45
Q

How are amendments adopted within IMO?

A

Amendments are adopted through the approval of a Resolution document by the IMO Assembly.

46
Q

What is the nature of recommendations within IMO?

A

Recommendations are not formal treaty documents like Conventions and Protocols. They offer more specific guidelines than treaty documents.

47
Q

How do governments utilise recommendations?

A

Governments often incorporate the provisions of recommendations into national laws or regulations.

48
Q

What are resolutions within IMO?

A

Resolutions are final documents resulting from the agreement of the IMO Assembly or main committees (e.g. MSC or MEPC) on matters like amendments or recommendations.

49
Q

How are developments in shipping and related industries discussed within IMO?

A

Member States discuss developments in IMO, and proposals for new conventions or amendments to existing ones are often raised in committees.

50
Q

How does a proposal for a new convention or amendments progress through IMO?

A

The proposal goes to the Council and Assembly for authorisation before detailed consideration in the relevant committee.

51
Q

How is a draft instrument for a new convention or amendments developed?

A

Answer: The committee drafts the instrument, often with detailed consideration by sub-committees. Intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations offer views and advice.

52
Q

What is the next step after the draft instrument is developed?

A

A conference is convened, attended by Member States, UN member states, and UN specialized agencies, to examine, discuss, and make necessary changes to the draft.

53
Q

What happens once the draft instrument is agreed upon at the conference?

A

The Convention is adopted by the conference and deposited with the Secretary-General. Copies are sent to all governments of Member States.

54
Q

How do states become parties to the Convention?

A

The Convention is opened for signature by states for a period, after which they can ratify, accept, or accede to it.

55
Q

When does the Convention become legally binding for a ratifying government?

A

The Convention becomes legally binding for a ratifying government only after it is formally accepted by that government.

56
Q

What conditions must be met for an IMO Convention to enter into force?

A

Each Convention includes stipulated conditions that must be fulfilled before it enters into force.

57
Q

What happens when a government formally accepts a Convention?

A

By depositing a formal instrument of acceptance, the government becomes a Contracting State to the Convention.

58
Q

When does a Convention enter into force for the accepting states?

A

Once the stipulated entry conditions have been met, the Convention becomes effective for all states that have accepted it. This usually happens after a grace period for implementation measures.

59
Q

How do newer Conventions handle amendments differently?

A

Newer Conventions incorporate a procedure called ‘tacit acceptance’ for amendments, which accelerates the amendment process.

60
Q

What is the ‘tacit acceptance’ procedure for amendments?

A

Under ‘tacit acceptance,’ an amendment automatically becomes effective at a designated time unless objections are received from a specified number of Parties before that date.

61
Q

Why is ‘tacit acceptance’ used for amendments?

A

‘Tacit acceptance’ streamlines the amendment process, ensuring quicker implementation and reducing the delays associated with waiting for a certain number of acceptances.

62
Q

What are the three primary categories of conventions and instruments adopted by IMO?

A

Maritime Safety,
Prevention of Marine Pollution,
Liability and Compensation, particularly concerning pollution-related damage.

63
Q

When did the mandatory audit of all member states begin?

A

The mandatory audit of all member states started in January 2016.

64
Q

What is the purpose of the mandatory audit?

A

The objective is to assess the extent to which member states fulfill their obligations and responsibilities regarding IMO instruments.

65
Q

Which IMO instruments are included in the mandatory audit scope?

A

MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships),

SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea),

STCW (International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers),

LOAD LINE (International Convention on Load Lines),

TONNAGE (International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships),

COLREGS (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea)

Stats ands Ops (13 decks)

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