Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Immunotherapy > Flashcards

Immunotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of immunotherapy?

A

prevention or treatment of disease/abnormalities with substances that stimulate or inhibit immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most widely used drugs that can suppress the immune system?

A

corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do corticosteroids suppress the immune system?

A

prevent NK-kB activation: block many immune functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

immunosuppressive drugs work in two ways to prevent allograft rejection/treat autoimmune disease, what are they?

A

nonspecific inhibitors of cell division
OR
specifically block T cell activation by interfering with signal transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Immune system stimulants include _____ that activate _____ in nonspecific fashion.

A

PAMPS; PRRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What has hindered widespread use of cytokine therapy? It cytokine therapy useful?

A

toxicity and cost

may be useful in vet med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What part of the immune system do stimulants or inhibitors act on? How do they do it?

A

innate, adaptive, or both by employing BRMs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are BRMs?

A

biological response modifiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the biologics of BRMs?

A

monoclonal antibodies- ENBREL (anti-TNF-a)

cytokines- IL-2/GM-CSF

PAMPs- CpGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the small chemical drugs of BRMs?

A

corticosteroids

non-corticosteroid inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the target diseases/abnormalities of immunotherapy?

A

hypersensitivity reactions, cancer, infectious agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Enbrel treat AI diseases?

A

acting as TNF-a inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enbrel aka _____.

A

Etanercept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What diseases is Enbrel approved to treat?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Anklosing Spondylitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.

A

IL-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is IFN-a used to treat?

A 
hairy-cell leukaemia
Kaposi's sarcoma
follicular lymphoma
chronic myeloid leukemia
melanoma
17
Q

Is EqStim a monoclonal antibody, PAMP, or cytokine treatment?

A

PAMP

18
Q

How does EqStim work?

A

Propionbacterium acnes (CpG DNA motifs) stimulate TLR 9 receptors in cytosol

activate sentinel cell killing mechanisms

19
Q

When do you use EqStim?

A

Treat horses prior to transport to reduce respirator infections

20
Q

Is Zalnate a monoclonal antibody, PAMP, or cytokine treatment?

A

PAMP

21
Q

What is Regressin and what does it treat?

A

cell wall extract for equine sarcoids; PAMPs; bacille calmette-guerin (BCG)

22
Q

Regressin activates macrophages resulting in what?

A

TNF-a, IL-12, NO

23
Q

What is live BCG used for?

A

human melanomas, bladder tumors

24
Q

Preventative hypo-sensitization therapy effects which cytokines?

A

upregulate IFN-g, IgG, IL-10

25
Q

How does Preventative hypo-sensitization therapy work?

A

multiple increasing doses

Th1 cytokines (IFN-y) inhibit Th2 and production of IL-4 and IgE

OR induce tolerance by stimulating Tregs (IL-10)

26
Q

What does aspirin inhibit?

A

production of prostaglandins that cause pain and vasodilation

27
Q

What do steroids inhibit?

A

production of vasoactive lipids

28
Q

Where are corticosteroids produced?

A

adrenal cortex of vertebrates

29
Q

What are the classes of corticosteroids?

A

glucorticosteroids - prednisolone

mineralocorticoids - aldosterone

30
Q

What do glucorticosteroids do?

A

anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative, and vasoconstrictive

31
Q

What do mineralocorticosteroids do?

A

regulate electrolyte and water balance

32
Q

How do corticosteroids cross a membrane?

A

they are lipid-soluble, diffuse across cell membrane and cind to receptors in cytosol

33
Q

How do corticosteroids exert their numerous effects?

A

by modulating the transcription of a wide variety of genes

Immunology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions