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Immunology > Hypersensitivities IV > Flashcards

Hypersensitivities IV Flashcards

1
Q

Type IV is antibody mediated. True or false?

A

FALSE

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2
Q

What is the timing of clinical signs with type IV?

A

2-3 days if prior sensitized

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3
Q

What cells are involved in type IV?

A

Th1, CTLs, macrophages

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4
Q

What Ig classes are involved in type IV?

A

none

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5
Q

Clinical syndrome type IV?

A

granulomas or cellular apoptosis induced by CD8s

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6
Q

Type IV reactions are ____-mediated tissue injuries.

A

cell

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7
Q

What is the immune mechanism for type IV reactions?

A

antigen sensitized Th1 CD4 T-cells and CD8 T-cells accumulate and release Th1 cytokines (IFN-y, TNF-a)

activated macrophages and cytotoxic T cells

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8
Q

When does a type IV reaction occur (time)?

A

at 72 hours- swelling, induration, or granuloma at site of antigen due to accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes

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9
Q

What are the effector mechanisms of type IV?

A

cytokine mediated inflammation –> tissue injury

T cell mediated killing of host cells–> cell death and tissue injury

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10
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

when molecules are being secreted to get rid of a pathogen end up damaging host cells/ tissue

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11
Q

What does a positive TB skin test mean?

A

Th1 immune response to myobacterium tuberculosis antigens

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12
Q

What antigens act as haptens and bind skin cells?

A

penicillin, poison ivy, metal ions

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13
Q

TB skin reaction is a ________ response to ______________.

A

memory Th1 ; myobacterium tuberculosis

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14
Q

What is the procedure for TB skin test?

A

purified protein derivative of M. tuberculosis (PPD) is injected into skin, it is processed by APCs and attracts memory affector T cells (mostly CD4) and macrophages

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15
Q

How long does it take to get a positive TB skin test?

A

48-72 hours

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16
Q

What is a negative TB test?

A

no swelling or induration

17
Q

What is induration?

A

redness, firm swelling

18
Q

What does a positive TB test mean?

A

the animal was previously exposed

19
Q

Poison ivy oil acts as a ______ and binds to _______.

A

hapten; skin proteins

20
Q

How does poison ivy cause a rash?

A

stimulates CTL’s to induce apoptosis of keratinocytes

21
Q

What is the result of a topical reaction to penicillin?

A

contact dermatitis

22
Q

What chemicals can cause contact dermatitis?

A

formaldehyde

nickel

23
Q

How does formaldehyde cause contact dermatitis?

A

binds proteins easily causing skin hypersensitivity and asthma

24
Q

How does nickel cause contact dermatitis?

A

nickel hapten binds to keratinocytes causing cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis of keratinocytes

25
Q

What is the difference between in vivo and in vitro tests?

A

In vivo for cell-mediated immunity; invitro for T helper proliferation or cytotoxic T cell activity to antigen

26
Q

How do you treat type IV?

A

avoid contact with chemical or substance

anti-inflammatory drugs

glucocorticoids

antibiotics if secondary infection

27
Q

Organ skin grafts- antigen expressed by __ chromosome.

A

Y

28
Q

Female tissue may be rejected by males. True or false?

A

False- male tissue may be rejected by females

29
Q

Organ graft rejection is mainly due to ____ disparity.

A

MHC class 1

30
Q

______ in immunosuppressed recipient destroys recipient’s cells and tissues.

A

foreign lymphocytes

31
Q

When would a sperm granuloma develop?

A

develops in testicular tissue when spermatozoa leaks out following trauma

32
Q

What is happening with the immune response to develop a sperm granuloma?

A

Th1 immune response with CTLs and activated macrophages

33
Q

Sperm granulomas can lead to development of anti-___ antibodies.

A

sperm

Immunology (11 decks)

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