Hypersensitivities Type 1 for Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is anaphylaxis?
Acute allergic reaction
What are the clinical signs of anaphylaxis? (when the lung is the shock organ)
Vascular permeability leads to massive edema
Bronchiole constriction leads to asphyxiation
What are the consequences of vascular permeability due to anaphylaxsis?
massive edema
epiglottal swelling - compression of trachea
hyovolemia- blood and fluid loss
How does fluid accumulation in the lung affect blood pressure and cardiac output?
decreases both
What is the shock organ in the dog? How does anaphylaxis affect it?
Fluid loss from GI (vomiting, diarrhea, urination) and visceral pooling of blood in the liver
How do you treat clinical signs of anaphylaxis?
Inhibit mass degranulation and effects
inhibit histamines
corticosteroids
What medications are used to inhibit mast degranulation?
Epinephrine
Cromolyn sodium
When would you use norepinphrine and dexamethasone to treat mast degranulation?
in cattle
What drug causes smooth muscle relaxation and vasoconstriction?
epinephrine
What drug inhibits intracellular calcium increase?
cromolyn sodium
How do anti-histamines work?
Bind to histamine receptors on cells
How do corticosteroids treat allergic responses?
stabilize membranes and prevents arachidonic acid break down and inflammation
Hypo-sensitization therapy is a single dose treatment. True or false?
False- Multiple increasing doses
Hypo-sensitization therapy works by class switching Ig__ to Ig__.
E; G
Increasing doses of a allergen _____ a Th1 response, which at the same time _____ the Th2 response.
promotes; reduces
In Hypo-sensitization therapy, production of ____ and ____ are inhibited.
IL-4; IgE
Hypo-sensitization therapy induces tolerance by stimulating which cells?
Tregs (IL-10)
What serum tests can be used to diagnose Type 1 reactions? These are all considered what type of tests?
Radio-Immunosorbent Test (RIST)
Radio-Allergosorbent Test (RAST)
Flea IgE Test
All are ELISA tests.
Which test is more specific? RAST or RIST?
RAST
The Flea IgE test is also known as?
Allercept (Heska)
What are you measuring in a intradermal skin test?
The wheal and flare response
What are the negative and positive controls of the intradermal skin test?
saline (-)
histamine (+)
What is the name of the dye used in intradermal skin tests in dogs? How is it administered?
Evans Blue Dye; given IV
How does the dye given in intradermal skin tests get to the reaction site?
Since it is given IV, the dye will be seen at allergen sites because vasodilation allows blood to get to the site of the reaction
