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mls 3H > Immunosero Lec M2 > Flashcards

Immunosero Lec M2 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the host’s reaction when an antigen (foreign
substances) are introduced into the body

A

Immunology

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2
Q

The Latin word for Immunity

A

Immunitas

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3
Q

What does “Immunitas” mean

A

The protection from legal prosecution offered to Roman senators during their tenures in office

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4
Q

Ability to resist damage from foreign substances such as microorganisms, harmful chemicals and internal
threats

A

Immunity

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5
Q

Organs in which cells undergo maturation, and/or
differentiation, and proliferation.

A

Lymphoid Tissue/Organs

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6
Q

2 Categories of Immunity

A

Innate (Non-Specific) Immunity
Adaptive (Specific) Immunity

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7
Q

can be characterized as a large discriminating filter

A

Spleen

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8
Q

Served by splenic artery & vein, which enter & exit at the hilus

A

Spleen

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9
Q

Stores breakdown products of RBCs (eg. iron) for
later reuse; known as the graveyard of RBCs

A

Spleen

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10
Q

Functions of Spleen

A

-Site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune
surveillance and response

-Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelet
and debris.

-Removes and destroys damaged and old RBCs
and platelets from circulating blood.

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11
Q

3 Barriers of Invasion

A

Non-specific Physical and Chemical defense
Innate/natural Immunity
Adaptive/acquired immunity

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12
Q

Site of fetal erythrocyte production (normally
ceases after birth)

A

Spleen

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13
Q

Which part of the spleen do RBCs get destroyed?

A

Red pulp

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14
Q

What does the a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) in the white pulp mainly contain of?

A

T Cells

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15
Q

Surrounding the PALS is a marginal zone containing _______ that trap antigen.

A

Dendritic Cells

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16
Q

Immune cells present in the dermis include helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages

A

Cutaneous Immune System

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17
Q

consist of diffusely distributed lymphoid cells and follicles that underlie all regions coated with
mucosa.

A

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

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18
Q

What is the main difference between MALT and other lymphoid tissues?

A

most mucosal tissue immune components are not encapsulated, but instead are scattered diffusely.

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19
Q

MALT associated with gastrointestinal tract

A

GALT

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20
Q

MALT associated with trachea and bronchi

A

BALT

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21
Q

Long life-spanned, thymus-dependent.

A

T-Cells (T-Lymphocytes)

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22
Q

What barrier is involved when your body reacts by sneezing and diarrhea

A

Non-specific Physical and Chemical defense

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23
Q

Aid in B cell differentiation and stimulate other
T cell populations (CYTOKINE SECRETION).

A

CD4+ cells

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24
Q

Humoral Defense Mechanism is more important in protection against ________.

A

Intracellular pathogens

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25
Q

When a person suffers from stress or fatigue, what
happens to the immune system?

A

Decrease immune system

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26
Q

to alarm T cells and other CD8+ cells, and other WBCs like neutrophil.

A

Cytokine secretion

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27
Q

Secrete lymphotoxins - toxic substance for the
pathogen.

A

CD8+ cells

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28
Q

Releases perforins which destroys cells
recognized as foreign.

A

CD8+ cells

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29
Q

Short-life spanned, thymus-independent.

A

B-Cells (B-Lymphocytes)

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30
Q

Involved in humoral (antibody production) immunity

A

B-Cells (B-Lymphocytes)

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31
Q

In cellular adaptive immunity it will involve ______

A

T cell

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32
Q

In Humoral adaptive immunity it will involve_______

A

B cell

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33
Q

True or False

Each B cell clone is a population of B cells that can
recognize the same antigenic epitope

A

True

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34
Q

Antibodies belong to which barrier of invasion?

A

Adaptive/ acquired immunity

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35
Q

True or False

all the B cells in one clone cannot have identical B cell receptors.

A

False

all the B cells in one clone have identical B cell receptors.

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36
Q

Cells found in Cell Mediated Immunity

A

T-Cells

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37
Q

Resistance to an infection by means of normally present body functions

A

Innate Immunity

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38
Q

Cells found in Humoral Immunity

A

B-Cells

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39
Q

Attacks antigens displayed by infected cells

A

T-Cells

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40
Q

Factors affecting natural Immunity

A

Age, Fatigue, stress and genetic determinants

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41
Q

Secretes antibodies that defend against extracellular pathogens

A

B-Cells

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42
Q

Attacks infected cells

A

T-cells

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43
Q

Attacks invaders outside the cells

A

B-cells

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44
Q

Activate one of the pathways of compliment

A

Mannose Binding Protein

45
Q

A white blood cell that responds to parasitic infection and helminthic infections and allergy

A

Eosinophil

46
Q

Help activate macrophages
and cytotoxic T-cells

A

T helper 1 cells

47
Q

Help activate B cells

A

T helper 2 cells

48
Q

Help recruit neutrophils and macrophages

A

T helper 17 cells

49
Q

Cell that found in peripheral blood circulation

A

Basophil

50
Q

Also referred as CD8+ T cells

A

T cytotoxic cells

51
Q

Mast cells are found in _____.

A

Tissues

52
Q

Secrete lymphotoxins

A

CD8+ T Cells

53
Q

Monocytes migrates to the tissues it will become_______.

A

Macrophages

54
Q

Where can you found alveolar macrophage

A

lungs

55
Q

What cell can be found in our brain

A

Microglial cells

56
Q

Most potent phagocytic cell in
the tissue

A

Dendritic Cells

57
Q

how many percent of lymphocytes in Nk cells that can mediate cytolytic reaction

A

15%

58
Q

enzyme with antibacterial activity
found in tears, saliva, and other cells.

A

Lysozyme

59
Q

heat-stable cationic substance with
bactericidal activity.

A

Betalysin

60
Q

serum protein with bactericidal and
viricidal effects

A

Properdin

61
Q

Responds to bacterial infection

A

Neutrophil

62
Q

group of about 20 proteins that
make up approximately 10% of the globulin part
of plasma

A

Complement

63
Q

acts as antiviral agents

A

Interferons

64
Q

induced lysis in tumor
cells

A

Tumor Necrosis Factor

65
Q

True or False

97% of T and B cells are destroyed

A

True

66
Q

intercellular signaling
polypeptides

A

cytokines

67
Q

makes up more than one-half of the total volume, and its function is to destroy old red blood cells

A

Red pulp

68
Q

Protects neutrophil from photolytic damage

A

Alpha1-Antitrypsin

69
Q

Which splenic tissue does engulfment of RBCs after 120 days

A

Red pulp

70
Q

comprises approximately 20 percent of the total weight of the spleen and contains the lymphoid tissue, which is arranged around arterioles in a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

A

White Pulp

71
Q

It helps immune cell enter tumor cells

A

Ceruloplasmin

72
Q

Interfere with viral replication, acts as antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and antineoplastic agents

A

Interlukin

73
Q

Which organ can you find the majority of platelets?

A

Spleen

74
Q

True or False

70% platelets are found in the spleen, while the remaining 30% is found in the peripheral blood

A

True

75
Q

Two components of skin

A

Epidermis and Dermis

76
Q

the macrophage of the
skin

A

Langerhans Cell

77
Q

secretions: tears, sweat, urine, and saliva

A

External defense mechanis

78
Q

Type of immunity that is composed of phagocytic cells

A

Innate Immunity

79
Q

Where can the Langerhans Cells be found

A

Stratum spinosum

80
Q

Type of immunity that is composed of lymphocytes

A

Adaptive immunity

81
Q

2 parts of Internal defense system

A

Inflammation
Phagocytosis

82
Q

A complex sequence of events involving many of the
chemical mediators & cells of innate immunity.

A

Inflammation

83
Q

Type of acquired immunity that is developed by injection of synthetic or biological preparations such as a vaccine, toxin, or toxoid

A

Active artificial immunity

84
Q

confined to specific area of body

A

Local Inflammation

85
Q

Rubor

A

Redness

86
Q

Callor

A

Heat

87
Q

Dolor

A

Pain

88
Q

Type of acquired immunity that occurs when a person recovers from an infection

A

Active natural immunity

89
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling

90
Q

Funcio Lassia

A

Loss of Function

91
Q

Soluble mediator systems

A

Cytokines, chemokines, defensins

92
Q

inflammatory response that occurs in many parts of body

A

Systematic Inflammation

93
Q

Fever is what cardinal sign of inflammation?

A

Callor (Heat)

94
Q

Phagocytosis was discovered by

A

Ellie Metchnikoff

95
Q

Most important function of internal defense
system which results in destruction of foreign
cells & organisms

A

Phagocytosis

96
Q

Acid pH that keeps microorganisms from growing

A

5.6

97
Q

Immunity characterized by specificity for each
individual pathogen or microbial agent

A

Adaptive or Acquired immunity

98
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by what?

A

T-cells

99
Q

Humoral immunity is mediated by what?

A

B-cells

100
Q

What immunity produces his/her own antibodies?

A

Active

101
Q

What immunity receives antibodies?

A

Passive

102
Q

The immunity that takes effect over time and lasts long-term to lifelong

A

Active

103
Q

This immunity takes effect immediately and lasts short-term

A

Passive

104
Q

What enhances the ability of phagocytes and calls more phagocytes to the site of infection

A

Soluble effector molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and defensins

105
Q

Organs in which immune cells undergo maturation, differentiation, and/or proliferation

A

Lymphoid organs

106
Q

Primary Lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow and Thymus

107
Q

Secondary Lymphoid organs

A

Spleen, Lymph nodes, Tonsils, Appendix, etc.

108
Q

Process of development of different
blood cells from pluripotent stem cells

A

Hematopoiesis

109
Q

Largest tissue of the body and the site for hematopoiesis

A

Bone marrow

mls 3H (12 decks)

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