Immunosero Lec M2 Flashcards
Study of the host’s reaction when an antigen (foreign
substances) are introduced into the body
Immunology
The Latin word for Immunity
Immunitas
What does “Immunitas” mean
The protection from legal prosecution offered to Roman senators during their tenures in office
Ability to resist damage from foreign substances such as microorganisms, harmful chemicals and internal
threats
Immunity
Organs in which cells undergo maturation, and/or
differentiation, and proliferation.
Lymphoid Tissue/Organs
2 Categories of Immunity
Innate (Non-Specific) Immunity
Adaptive (Specific) Immunity
can be characterized as a large discriminating filter
Spleen
Served by splenic artery & vein, which enter & exit at the hilus
Spleen
Stores breakdown products of RBCs (eg. iron) for
later reuse; known as the graveyard of RBCs
Spleen
Functions of Spleen
-Site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune
surveillance and response
-Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelet
and debris.
-Removes and destroys damaged and old RBCs
and platelets from circulating blood.
3 Barriers of Invasion
Non-specific Physical and Chemical defense
Innate/natural Immunity
Adaptive/acquired immunity
Site of fetal erythrocyte production (normally
ceases after birth)
Spleen
Which part of the spleen do RBCs get destroyed?
Red pulp
What does the a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) in the white pulp mainly contain of?
T Cells
Surrounding the PALS is a marginal zone containing _______ that trap antigen.
Dendritic Cells
Immune cells present in the dermis include helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages
Cutaneous Immune System
consist of diffusely distributed lymphoid cells and follicles that underlie all regions coated with
mucosa.
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
What is the main difference between MALT and other lymphoid tissues?
most mucosal tissue immune components are not encapsulated, but instead are scattered diffusely.
MALT associated with gastrointestinal tract
GALT
MALT associated with trachea and bronchi
BALT
Long life-spanned, thymus-dependent.
T-Cells (T-Lymphocytes)
What barrier is involved when your body reacts by sneezing and diarrhea
Non-specific Physical and Chemical defense
Aid in B cell differentiation and stimulate other
T cell populations (CYTOKINE SECRETION).
CD4+ cells
Humoral Defense Mechanism is more important in protection against ________.
Intracellular pathogens
When a person suffers from stress or fatigue, what
happens to the immune system?
Decrease immune system
to alarm T cells and other CD8+ cells, and other WBCs like neutrophil.
Cytokine secretion
Secrete lymphotoxins - toxic substance for the
pathogen.
CD8+ cells
Releases perforins which destroys cells
recognized as foreign.
CD8+ cells
Short-life spanned, thymus-independent.
B-Cells (B-Lymphocytes)
Involved in humoral (antibody production) immunity
B-Cells (B-Lymphocytes)
In cellular adaptive immunity it will involve ______
T cell
In Humoral adaptive immunity it will involve_______
B cell
True or False
Each B cell clone is a population of B cells that can
recognize the same antigenic epitope
True
Antibodies belong to which barrier of invasion?
Adaptive/ acquired immunity
True or False
all the B cells in one clone cannot have identical B cell receptors.
False
all the B cells in one clone have identical B cell receptors.
Cells found in Cell Mediated Immunity
T-Cells
Resistance to an infection by means of normally present body functions
Innate Immunity
Cells found in Humoral Immunity
B-Cells
Attacks antigens displayed by infected cells
T-Cells
Factors affecting natural Immunity
Age, Fatigue, stress and genetic determinants
Secretes antibodies that defend against extracellular pathogens
B-Cells
Attacks infected cells
T-cells
Attacks invaders outside the cells
B-cells
Activate one of the pathways of compliment
Mannose Binding Protein
A white blood cell that responds to parasitic infection and helminthic infections and allergy
Eosinophil
Help activate macrophages
and cytotoxic T-cells
T helper 1 cells
Help activate B cells
T helper 2 cells
Help recruit neutrophils and macrophages
T helper 17 cells
Cell that found in peripheral blood circulation
Basophil
Also referred as CD8+ T cells
T cytotoxic cells
Mast cells are found in _____.
Tissues
Secrete lymphotoxins
CD8+ T Cells
Monocytes migrates to the tissues it will become_______.
Macrophages
Where can you found alveolar macrophage
lungs
What cell can be found in our brain
Microglial cells
Most potent phagocytic cell in
the tissue
Dendritic Cells
how many percent of lymphocytes in Nk cells that can mediate cytolytic reaction
15%
enzyme with antibacterial activity
found in tears, saliva, and other cells.
Lysozyme
heat-stable cationic substance with
bactericidal activity.
Betalysin
serum protein with bactericidal and
viricidal effects
Properdin
Responds to bacterial infection
Neutrophil
group of about 20 proteins that
make up approximately 10% of the globulin part
of plasma
Complement
acts as antiviral agents
Interferons
induced lysis in tumor
cells
Tumor Necrosis Factor
True or False
97% of T and B cells are destroyed
True
intercellular signaling
polypeptides
cytokines
makes up more than one-half of the total volume, and its function is to destroy old red blood cells
Red pulp
Protects neutrophil from photolytic damage
Alpha1-Antitrypsin
Which splenic tissue does engulfment of RBCs after 120 days
Red pulp
comprises approximately 20 percent of the total weight of the spleen and contains the lymphoid tissue, which is arranged around arterioles in a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
White Pulp
It helps immune cell enter tumor cells
Ceruloplasmin
Interfere with viral replication, acts as antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and antineoplastic agents
Interlukin
Which organ can you find the majority of platelets?
Spleen
True or False
70% platelets are found in the spleen, while the remaining 30% is found in the peripheral blood
True
Two components of skin
Epidermis and Dermis
the macrophage of the
skin
Langerhans Cell
secretions: tears, sweat, urine, and saliva
External defense mechanis
Type of immunity that is composed of phagocytic cells
Innate Immunity
Where can the Langerhans Cells be found
Stratum spinosum
Type of immunity that is composed of lymphocytes
Adaptive immunity
2 parts of Internal defense system
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
A complex sequence of events involving many of the
chemical mediators & cells of innate immunity.
Inflammation
Type of acquired immunity that is developed by injection of synthetic or biological preparations such as a vaccine, toxin, or toxoid
Active artificial immunity
confined to specific area of body
Local Inflammation
Rubor
Redness
Callor
Heat
Dolor
Pain
Type of acquired immunity that occurs when a person recovers from an infection
Active natural immunity
Tumor
Swelling
Funcio Lassia
Loss of Function
Soluble mediator systems
Cytokines, chemokines, defensins
inflammatory response that occurs in many parts of body
Systematic Inflammation
Fever is what cardinal sign of inflammation?
Callor (Heat)
Phagocytosis was discovered by
Ellie Metchnikoff
Most important function of internal defense
system which results in destruction of foreign
cells & organisms
Phagocytosis
Acid pH that keeps microorganisms from growing
5.6
Immunity characterized by specificity for each
individual pathogen or microbial agent
Adaptive or Acquired immunity
Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by what?
T-cells
Humoral immunity is mediated by what?
B-cells
What immunity produces his/her own antibodies?
Active
What immunity receives antibodies?
Passive
The immunity that takes effect over time and lasts long-term to lifelong
Active
This immunity takes effect immediately and lasts short-term
Passive
What enhances the ability of phagocytes and calls more phagocytes to the site of infection
Soluble effector molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and defensins
Organs in which immune cells undergo maturation, differentiation, and/or proliferation
Lymphoid organs
Primary Lymphoid organs
Bone marrow and Thymus
Secondary Lymphoid organs
Spleen, Lymph nodes, Tonsils, Appendix, etc.
Process of development of different
blood cells from pluripotent stem cells
Hematopoiesis
Largest tissue of the body and the site for hematopoiesis
Bone marrow
