Immunosero Lec M1 Flashcards
He recorded individuals who contracted the plague at that time and those who recovered became “IMMUNE” or “EXEMPT”
Thucydides
It is structured to recognize, respond to, and destroy various invading microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that are harmful to the body.
Immune System
The earliest recognized attempt to intentionally induce immunity to an infectious disease
China
considered as “Cradle of Civilization”
Greece
The plague/disease was caused by
Y. pestis
can be acquired from a rodent’s bite or urine
Y. pestis
Exposure of healthy people to material from the lesions
Variolation
Promoted variolation in England and had her surgeon variolate her four-year-old daughter in the presence of the king’s physician.
Lady Mary Wortley Montague
Royal Experiment
Charles
Maitland,
Inoculated James Phipps with material obtained from a cowpox lesion that appeared on the hand of a dairymaid.
Edward Jenner
Inducing or creating immunity by
using a weakened formed of pathogen
Vaccination
Give two ways on how variolation was introduced to the body?
Putting it under the skin, or
- Inserting powdered scabs from
smallpox pustules into the nose
Extinct (the cause of extinction is Edward Jenner)
Smallpox
used actual small pox virus to protect people
Variolation
used the far less dangerous cow pox virus; injecting weakened small pox
Vaccination
Used Pasteurella multocida - would cause chicken cholera bacillus
Louis Pasteur
What bacteria was used by Louis Pasteur in his experiment on chickens?
Pasteurella multocida
Smallpox vaccination
Edward Jenner 1798
Live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines
Louis Pasteur 1880-1881
Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis
Elie Metchnikoff 1883-1905
Therapeutic vaccination First report of live “attenuated” vaccines for rabies
Louis Pasteur 1885
**Humoral theory of immunity proposed (antibodies cause immunity)
Emil von Behring, Shibasaburo Kitasato 1890
Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type ) hypersensitivity
Robert Koch 1891
Complement
Jules Bordet 1894
Precipitation
Robert Kaus 1897
Antibody formation theory
Paul Ehrlich 1900
Immediate-hy persensitivity Anaphylaxis
Maurice Arthus 1903
Cells are capable of causing immunity thru phagocytosis
Cellular theory
Antibodies would cause immunity”
Humoral theory
Humoral immunity refers to the production of?
Antibodies
Opsonization
Wright and Douglas 1903
Hypothesis of antigen-anti body Binding (Lattice Formation)
John Richardson Marrack 1938
Immunologic process in transplantation
Medawar 1944
Development of Polio Vaccine
Jonas Salk Albert Bruce Sabin 1949
Vaccine against yellow fever
Walter Reed 1951
What year? Graft-vers us-host reaction (GVH - body reject transplanted organ)
1953
Clonal Selection Theory
Frank Macfarlane Burnet 1957
What Year?
T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response
1964-1968
Structure of Antibodies
Gerald M. Edelman Rodney R. Porter
First monoclonal antibodies/
Hybridoma Technology
Georges Kohler Cesar Milstein 1975
Major Histocompat ibility Complex (MHC)
Baruj Benacerraf Jean Dausset George Snell 1980
Graft-versus-host
Also known “GVH”; when body rejects transplanted organ
He introduced the immunologic process in transplantation?
Medawar
“HPV” is also known as ___; The disease causes __ & __
Human papillomavirus vaccine; warts & cervical cancer
Discovered HIV in 1983 & 1984 RESPECTIVELY
Luc Montagnier (1983) & Robert Gallo (1984)
Developed HPV
Frazer (2005)
Type of immunity that involves transferring of Ab from immunized hosts to non-immune
Passive Immunnity
Immunity from the body itself
Active Immunity
Type of Active Immunity that involves naturally recovering from the disease
Natural Active Immunity
Type of Active Immunity that involves vaccines in recovering from the disease
Artificial Active Immunity
Immunity that involves specificity & memory
Adaptive Immunity
Type of immunity that resists infectious agents thru normally present body functions
Innate (Natural) Immunity
Skin, saliva, tears, & blood are examples of what immunity?
Innate (Natural)
Macromolecule that is capable of forming immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Antigen
Product of B lymphocytes & plasma cells to response against pathogens
Antibody
Shape of an Ab
Y-shaped
Attraction between Fab site on an antibody & an epitope
Affinity
Strength which multivalent antibody binds on a multivalent antigen
Avidity
Has a single epitope & fab site
Affinity
Has multiple epitope & fab site
Avidity
Tolerance that describes on how the body controls the immune system
Immunologic Tolerance
Destruction of lymphocytes in peripheral organs
Peripheral Tolerance
4 examples of secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen, Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, peyer’s patches
T & B cells destruction as they mature in either thymus or BM
Central Tolerance
Where Ab attaches; Key portion of immunogen against which immune response is directed; Known as “Determinant Site”
Epitope
“Fab site”; Antigen-binding sites & part of antibody that recognizes and binds to an antigen
Paratope
Chain that makes up an immunoglobulin monomer which consists of two heavy chains paired with two light chains
Heavy Chain
an immunoglobulin molecule bound to the larger chain by disulfide bonds
Light chain
two types of light chains
kappa and lambda
Fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule obtained by papain cleavage consisting of carboxy-terminal halves of two heavy chains
Fc Fragment
Fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule obtained by papain cleavage consisting of a light chain and one-half of a heavy chain
Fab Fragment
What connects the light chain and heavy chain of the Fab Fragment of antibodies?
Disulfide bond
Protein coded for human MHC genes that has essential roles in the immune response and the rejection of foreign transplants; Also known as “Tissue typing”
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) or Major Histocompatibility Complex
Cell-surface molecules expressed on leukocytes and other cells relevant for the immune system; basically proteins found in surface of cells
Cluster of Differentiation
