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mls 3H > Immunosero Lec M1 > Flashcards

Immunosero Lec M1 Flashcards

1
Q

He recorded individuals who contracted the plague at that time and those who recovered became “IMMUNE” or “EXEMPT”

A

Thucydides

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2
Q

It is structured to recognize, respond to, and destroy various invading microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that are harmful to the body.

A

Immune System

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3
Q

The earliest recognized attempt to intentionally induce immunity to an infectious disease

A

China

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4
Q

considered as “Cradle of Civilization”

A

Greece

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5
Q

The plague/disease was caused by

A

Y. pestis

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6
Q

can be acquired from a rodent’s bite or urine

A

Y. pestis

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7
Q

Exposure of healthy people to material from the lesions

A

Variolation

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8
Q

Promoted variolation in England and had her surgeon variolate her four-year-old daughter in the presence of the king’s physician.

A

Lady Mary Wortley Montague

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9
Q

Royal Experiment

A

Charles
Maitland,

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10
Q

Inoculated James Phipps with material obtained from a cowpox lesion that appeared on the hand of a dairymaid.

A

Edward Jenner

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11
Q

Inducing or creating immunity by
using a weakened formed of pathogen

A

Vaccination

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12
Q

Give two ways on how variolation was introduced to the body?

A

Putting it under the skin, or
- Inserting powdered scabs from
smallpox pustules into the nose

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13
Q

Extinct (the cause of extinction is Edward Jenner)

A

Smallpox

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14
Q

used actual small pox virus to protect people

A

Variolation

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15
Q

used the far less dangerous cow pox virus; injecting weakened small pox

A

Vaccination

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16
Q

Used Pasteurella multocida - would cause chicken cholera bacillus

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

What bacteria was used by Louis Pasteur in his experiment on chickens?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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18
Q

Smallpox vaccination

A

Edward Jenner 1798

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19
Q

Live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

A

Louis Pasteur 1880-1881

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20
Q

Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

A

Elie Metchnikoff 1883-1905

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21
Q

Therapeutic vaccination First report of live “attenuated” vaccines for rabies

A

Louis Pasteur 1885

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22
Q

**Humoral theory of immunity proposed (antibodies cause immunity)

A

Emil von Behring, Shibasaburo Kitasato 1890

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23
Q

Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type ) hypersensitivity

A

Robert Koch 1891

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24
Q

Complement

A

Jules Bordet 1894

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25
Q

Precipitation

A

Robert Kaus 1897

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26
Q

Antibody formation theory

A

Paul Ehrlich 1900

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27
Q

Immediate-hy persensitivity Anaphylaxis

A

Maurice Arthus 1903

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28
Q

Cells are capable of causing immunity thru phagocytosis

A

Cellular theory

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29
Q

Antibodies would cause immunity”

A

Humoral theory

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30
Q

Humoral immunity refers to the production of?

A

Antibodies

31
Q

Opsonization

A

Wright and Douglas 1903

32
Q

Hypothesis of antigen-anti body Binding (Lattice Formation)

A

John Richardson Marrack 1938

33
Q

Immunologic process in transplantation

A

Medawar 1944

34
Q

Development of Polio Vaccine

A

Jonas Salk Albert Bruce Sabin 1949

35
Q

Vaccine against yellow fever

A

Walter Reed 1951

36
Q

What year? Graft-vers us-host reaction (GVH - body reject transplanted organ)

A

1953

37
Q

Clonal Selection Theory

A

Frank Macfarlane Burnet 1957

38
Q

What Year?
T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response

A

1964-1968

39
Q

Structure of Antibodies

A

Gerald M. Edelman Rodney R. Porter

40
Q

First monoclonal antibodies/
Hybridoma Technology

A

Georges Kohler Cesar Milstein 1975

41
Q

Major Histocompat ibility Complex (MHC)

A

Baruj Benacerraf Jean Dausset George Snell 1980

42
Q

Graft-versus-host

A

Also known “GVH”; when body rejects transplanted organ

43
Q

He introduced the immunologic process in transplantation?

A

Medawar

44
Q

“HPV” is also known as ___; The disease causes __ & __

A

Human papillomavirus vaccine; warts & cervical cancer

45
Q

Discovered HIV in 1983 & 1984 RESPECTIVELY

A

Luc Montagnier (1983) & Robert Gallo (1984)

46
Q

Developed HPV

A

Frazer (2005)

47
Q

Type of immunity that involves transferring of Ab from immunized hosts to non-immune

A

Passive Immunnity

48
Q

Immunity from the body itself

A

Active Immunity

49
Q

Type of Active Immunity that involves naturally recovering from the disease

A

Natural Active Immunity

50
Q

Type of Active Immunity that involves vaccines in recovering from the disease

A

Artificial Active Immunity

51
Q

Immunity that involves specificity & memory

A

Adaptive Immunity

52
Q

Type of immunity that resists infectious agents thru normally present body functions

A

Innate (Natural) Immunity

53
Q

Skin, saliva, tears, & blood are examples of what immunity?

A

Innate (Natural)

54
Q

Macromolecule that is capable of forming immunoglobulins (antibodies)

A

Antigen

55
Q

Product of B lymphocytes & plasma cells to response against pathogens

A

Antibody

56
Q

Shape of an Ab

A

Y-shaped

57
Q

Attraction between Fab site on an antibody & an epitope

A

Affinity

58
Q

Strength which multivalent antibody binds on a multivalent antigen

A

Avidity

59
Q

Has a single epitope & fab site

A

Affinity

60
Q

Has multiple epitope & fab site

A

Avidity

61
Q

Tolerance that describes on how the body controls the immune system

A

Immunologic Tolerance

62
Q

Destruction of lymphocytes in peripheral organs

A

Peripheral Tolerance

63
Q

4 examples of secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen, Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, peyer’s patches

64
Q

T & B cells destruction as they mature in either thymus or BM

A

Central Tolerance

65
Q

Where Ab attaches; Key portion of immunogen against which immune response is directed; Known as “Determinant Site”

A

Epitope

66
Q

“Fab site”; Antigen-binding sites & part of antibody that recognizes and binds to an antigen

A

Paratope

67
Q

Chain that makes up an immunoglobulin monomer which consists of two heavy chains paired with two light chains

A

Heavy Chain

68
Q

an immunoglobulin molecule bound to the larger chain by disulfide bonds

A

Light chain

69
Q

two types of light chains

A

kappa and lambda

70
Q

Fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule obtained by papain cleavage consisting of carboxy-terminal halves of two heavy chains

A

Fc Fragment

71
Q

Fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule obtained by papain cleavage consisting of a light chain and one-half of a heavy chain

A

Fab Fragment

72
Q

What connects the light chain and heavy chain of the Fab Fragment of antibodies?

A

Disulfide bond

73
Q

Protein coded for human MHC genes that has essential roles in the immune response and the rejection of foreign transplants; Also known as “Tissue typing”

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) or Major Histocompatibility Complex

74
Q

Cell-surface molecules expressed on leukocytes and other cells relevant for the immune system; basically proteins found in surface of cells

A

Cluster of Differentiation

mls 3H (12 decks)

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