Immunology Terminology Flashcards
Adaptive Immune System
Immune response specific to antigens that starts around 96 hours after infection
Allergy
A chronic condition involving an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance called an allergen
Angiodema
Swelling confined to the top layer of dermis
Antibodies
Aka immunoglobulins; secreted by B-cells & bind to antigens to allow detection by parts of the immune system
Antigen
Any substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
Help present antigens to T-cells in order to activate them.
Antihistamine
Type of medication that inhibits histamine response
B lymphocytes
Aka B-cells; Generates diverse antibodies
Complement System
Enhances antibody & phagocyte response, promotes inflammation, and weakens pathogen membranes
CVID
Common variable immunodeficiency
Cytokines
Class of chemical messengers that help regulate and recruit the immune system response
Dendritic cells
Detects and phagocytizes some infections to present their antigens to T-cells
Granuloma
Formed from macrophages surrounding an infection that could not be properly eliminated by the immune system
Helper T-cells (CD4+ cells)
Activated when APCs present an antigen, and secrete cytokines to regulate & recruit the immune response
HIES
Hyper IgE syndrome
Histamine
A chemical substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction
HSCT
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Idiopathic
A disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
Antibodies produced by the immune system that protect mucosa against pathogens
Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
Antibodies produced by the immune system that are part of B-cell receptors
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Antibodies produced by the immune system that play a role in allergic reactions
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
Most predominant antibodies produced by the immune system that are secreted by B-cells
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Initial antibodies produced by the immune system for early stage of immune reaction
Innate Immune system
Non-specific first line of immune defense, active from 0 to 96 hours from infection
IVIG
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy
Killer-T-cells (CD8+ cells)
Cytotoxic cells that recognize a specific antigen and destroy any cell presenting it (virus infected cells or tumor cells)
LAD
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Macrophages
Recruited by T-cells to engulf infections and break them down into presentable antigens
Mast cells
Release histamine and other cytokines in response to IgE (allergic response) and also promote inflammation and wound healing
Mastocytosis
Abnormal proliferation of mast cells in a variety of tissues
MCAS
Mast cell activation syndrome
Memory B-cells
Differentiates from Naive B-cells to provide long term detection of that antigen
Microthrombocytes
Abnormally small platelets
Naive B cells
Non-specific B-cell that can be activated by antigens or T-helper cells
Natural killer cell (NK cell)
Cytotoxic cell that destroys some virus infected or tumor cells without needing to know a specific antigen.
Plasma cell
Differentiates from Niave B-cells to secrete antibodies to that antigen
SC
Subcutaneous
SCID
Severe combined immunodeficiency
SIGAD
Specific IgA deficiency
T lymphocytes
Aka T-cells; Secrete cytokines to activate and recruit an immune response
Telangiectasia
Widened tiny blood vessels cause threadlike red lines or patterns on the skin
WAS
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
XLA
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
