Immunology- First Aid Flashcards
Mechanism by which splenic macrophages remove encapsulated organisms
IgM–>complement activation–>C3b opsonization
Encapsulated organisms
Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae B, Neisseria meningitis, E.coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Group B Strep
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
hereditary angioedema, ACEI’s are contraindicated (C1 esterase inhibitor prevents complement activation on self cells)
C3 deficiency
increase risk of severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections, increased susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity reactions (C3 needed for opsonization)
C5-9 deficiency
susceptibility to recurrent Neisseria bacteremia (MAC defends against gram-negative bacteria)
DAF deficiency
causes complement-mediated lysis of RBC’s and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (DAF is inhibitor of complement system)
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
- anaphylaxis (bee sting, drug allergies, food allergies)
- allergic and atopic disorders (rhinitis, hay fever, eczema, hives, asthma)
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, erythroblastosis fetalis, acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, rheumatic fever, goodpasture syndrome, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
SLE, polyarteritis nodosa, post-strep glomerulonephritis, serum sickness, arthus reaction
Type 4 Hypersensitivity
MS, guillain barre, graft versus host disease, PPD, contact dermatitis
Cyclosporine mech
- Calcineurin inhibitor
- binds cyclophilin
- prevents IL-2 transcription, blocking T cell activation
Cyclosporine toxicity
nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, tremor, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia
Tacrolimus mech
- calcineurin inhibitor
- binds FK506 binding protein
- prevents IL-2 transcription, blocking T cell activation
Tacrolimus toxicity
- increased risk of diabetes and neurotoxicity
- no gingival hyperplasia or hirsutism
Sirolimus (Rapamycin) mech
- mTOR inhibitor
- binds FK506 binding protein
- prevents IL-2 signal transduction, blocking T cell activation and B cell differentiation
Sirolmus (Rapamycin) toxicity
anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, non-nephrotoxic
Basiliximab mech
monoclonal antibody; blocks IL-2R
Basiliximab toxicity
edema, hypertension, tremor
Azathioprine mech
- antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine
- inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis
Azathioprine toxicity
leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia
Glucocorticoids mech
inhibits NF-kB, suppresses both B and T cell function by decreasing transcription of many cytokines
Glucocorticoids toxicity
hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, central obesity, muscle breakdown, psychosis, acne, hypertension, cataracts, peptic ulcers
Antigen-presenting Cells
B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells
