Gastroinstestinal- First Aid

Question 1

Pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 1

most common salivary gland benign tumor composed of stroma and epithelium that involves parotid gland but does not involve the facial n, presents as painless, mobile mass

Question 2

Warthin tumor

Answer 2

benign cystic tumor with germinal centers, also most commonly found in the parotid

Question 3

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 3

most common malignant tumor that has mucinous and squamous components, involves both parotid and facial n.

Question 4

Anastomoses of common site of varices

Answer 4

• Esophagus: left gastric esophageal
• Umbilicus: paraumbilical small epigastric veins of the anterior abdominal wall
• Rectum: superior rectal middle and inferior rectal

Question 5

Causes of acute gastritis

Answer 5

• NSAIDS (decrease in PGE2–> decreases gastric mucosa protection)
• Alcohol
• Uremia
• Burns/shock (decrease plasma volume–> decrease submucosal blood flow)
• Cushing ulcer (head injury–> increased ICP–> increased vagal stimulation–> increased ACh–> H+ production)

Question 6

Volvulus

Answer 6

• twisting of bowel along its mesentary
• results in obstruction and disruption of blood flow
• occurs in sigmoid colon (adults) and cecum (young adults)

Question 7

Celiac Disease vs Celiac-like tropical sprue

Answer 7

• Celiac disease affects duodenum

- Tropical sprue primarily affects jejunum (folic acid deficiency) and ilium (B12 deficiency)

Question 8

Angiodysplasia

Answer 8

• acquired malformation of the mucosal/submucosal capillary beds
• involves the right colon/cecum secondary to high wall stress
• may present as hematochezia in older adults

Question 9

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangectasia

Answer 9

• autosomal dominant disorder resulting in thin-walled blood vessels especially in the nasopharynx and GI tract
• rupture presents as bleeding

Question 10

Collateral arterial circulation

Answer 10

superior epigastric (internal thoracic/mammary)inferior epigastric (external iliac)
superior pancreaticoduodenal (celiac trunk)inferior pancreaticoduodenal (SMA)
middle colic (SMA)left colic (IMA)
superior rectal (IMA)middle and inferior rectal (internal iliac)

Question 11

Gardner syndrome

Answer 11

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis+osseous/soft tissue tumors+congential hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium+fibromatosis

Question 12

Turcot syndrome

Answer 12

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis+malignant CNS tumor