Immunology

Question 1

Interferons

Answer 1

Proteins secreted by virally infected cells to signal surrounding cells they are infected and instruct them to take protective measures

Question 2

Complement system

Answer 2

> 20 inactive proteins
Compliment the immune system when activated
1. Promote release of histamine from basophils and mast cells
2. Opsonisation (binding to antigen to facilitate phagocytosis)
3. MAC membrane attack complex. Punch holes in membrane

Question 3

Compliment system advanced knowledge

Answer 3

C3 cleaves into c3a and c3b
C3a = inflammation
C3b = opsonisation, activates c5
C5 = MAC

Question 4

How leukocytes move

Answer 4

Leucocytosis = entering blood from marrow 
Marginalisation = flattening against vessel wall 
Diapedisis = moving out of capillary 
Chemotaxis = attraction to chemicals at site

Question 5

Types of vaccine

Answer 5

Attenuated
Inactive
Toxoid =bacterial exotoxins
Subunit = epitope. Based on particular antigenic determinant

Question 6

Hypersensitivity (4 types)

Answer 6

Allergy. Huge amounts IgE
Cytotoxic = cellular destruction. E.g.autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Immune complex = arthritis
Delayed