Central Nervous System

Question 1

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 1

Spine to thalamus
Sensory info on pain and temperature
Crosses over at point of entry - right side stimuli carried up left side spine and vice verse - only tract that does this

Question 2

Dorsal column tract

Answer 2

Touch and proprioception

Crosses over at brainstem level

Question 3

Corticospinal tract (pyramidal)

Answer 3

Carries movement commands from cortex to skeletal muscle

Initiated in cortex, crosses over at brain stem level

Question 4

Blood flow to brain

Answer 4

Carotid arteries (internal =brain eternal=face/neck)
Circle of Willis (protects from ischaemia)
Vertebral arteries (easily impinged)
Venous drainage from brain (veins> sinuses> jugular. No valves)

Question 5

Cerebral artery territories

Answer 5

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery> supplies blood to most of the brain. Clot here is V. Bad
Prosterior cerebral artery

Question 6

Protection of the brain (CMCB, crease my cranium b)

Answer 6

Cranium
Meninges (epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid mater, Pia mater)
Cerebrospinal fluid (nourishment, waste removal, cushioning)
Blood brain barrier (endothelial cells line capillaries in brain to ensure blood environment in brain is very stable. Must squeeze through gaps in glial cells or have specific transporters. Lipid soluble can make it through

Question 7

Brain sections =3

Answer 7

Forebrain: cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus
Midbrain: tectum tegmentum
Hindbrain: cerebellum, pons, medulla

Question 8

Brainstem

Answer 8

Three structures
Midbrain: level of alertness
Pons: relay sensory info
Medulla: controls basic survival i.e. Resps

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

Coordination. Matching body intention to action. Posture adjustments

Question 10

Cerebrum

Answer 10

4 lobes
Frontal lobe: problem solving, memory, emotions, personality
Parietal lobe: movement, orientation, recognition of stimuli
Occipital lobe: visual processing
Temporal lobe: language processing, short term memory

Question 11

Limbic system

Answer 11

Emotional brain. Learning associated with sensory experience
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus

Question 12

Amygdala

Answer 12

Fear and aggression hub
Recognise fear on peoples face
Emotional learning
Damaged amygdala is autism like presentation. Inability to recognise fear in peoples face and standing too close.

Question 13

Hippocampus

Answer 13

Memory hub

Converts short term to long term