immunology Flashcards
which type of hypersensitivty reaction is immediate
e.g. lip swelling, facial redness, itching and anaphylactoid symptoms
type 1
how to test for type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
blood test - for IgE (RAST)
skin prick
topical steroids from mild to potent
- hydrocortisone
- eumovate
- betnovate
- dermovate
how are steroids used in atopic eczema
once daily for 1-2 weeks
if improvement - alternate days
use x2 weekly in stubborn areas
if any start flare -> back to daily
what units for steroid cream in eczema
finger tips
treatment for impetigo
topical antibacterial - fucidin
oral antibiotic - flucloxacillin
symptoms of impetigo
pustules and honey coloured crusted erosions
causative organism in impetigo
staph aureus
pearly papules with an umbilicated centre are indicative of?
molluscum contagiosum
give reassurance
red papules (small bumps)
progresses to vesciles (blisters)
often start on the trunk
are itchy and associated with viral symptoms
chicken pox
Symptoms of parvovirus B19 (fifth disease/erythema infectiousum)
viral symptoms
erythematous rash on CHEEKS initially
then lace like network rash around trunk and limbs
mild self-limiting but can trigger sickle crisis (aplastic)
what is causes hand , foot and mouth
(coxsackie virus A16)
or
enterovirus 71
blisters on hand (palms), feet and mouth + viral symptoms
hand foot and mouth
coxsackie virus/enterovirus
self limiting - supportive
what is eczema herpeticum
skin infection caused by by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
usually occurring in people with pre-existing eczema (atopic dermatitis) or other skin conditions that disrupt the skin barrier. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment.
give Aciclovir - oral or IV
opthamology review if near eye
WITHOUT STEROIDS for 24 hours
symptoms of orofacial granulomatosis
- lip swelling and fissuring
oral mucosal lesions - ulcers and tags, cobblestone appearance
associated wtih crohns
check faecal calprotectin if GI
painful, erythematous subcutaneous nodules over the shins
lasts 6-8 weeks and slow to resolve
erythema nodosum
what might cause erythema nodosum
streptococcus , URTI
IBD
sarcoidosis
drugs
mycobaterial infections
dermatitis herpetiformis is linked to what autoimmune condition
coeliac disease
describe the rash in dermatitis herpetiformis
itchy blisters
appear in clusters
scalp , shoulder, buttock, elbow , knee
screen for coeliac and skin biopsy
wheals/hives and possible angioedema is seen in ?
areas of rash can last from a few minutes to 24 hours
urticaria
(viral, bacteria, food, drug, NSAIDs, opiates, vaccinations)
treatment of utircaria
anti-histamines
- desloratadine
when is the chicken pox contagious
1-2 days before rash
until
lesions have crusted!!!
self-limiting
rubella symptoms
Rash that starts on the FACE
spreads to body
Tender lymph nodes (suboccipital and postauricular)
associated with deafness in newborn if mum gets
symptoms of measles
has a severe prodrome - HIGH FEVER
cough and coryzal symptoms
conjunctivitis
rash STARTS behind ears and spreads ->
kopilsik spots in mouth
symptoms of scarlet fever
sore throat
strawberry tongue
fine sandpaper rash
symptoms of mumps
prodrome - mild - flu/cough/
parotid gland swelling
muscle aches, fever, fatigue
orhitis , pancreatitis , menigiitis
cause of whooping cough and treatment
bordella pertusis
- arthryomycin, clarihtyromycin, erthyromycin
onset of whooping cough
1 week of coryzal symptoms
following weeks of coughing fits
causative organism of strep
parainfluzena
cause of bronchiolitis
RSV
cause of acute epiglotitis
hameophlius influenza B
test for glandular fever
monospot test
(for heterophile antibodies)
caused by EBV
when does cyanosis occur in TGA
first 24 hours
loud S2 sound
when does cyanosis occur in ToF
1-2 months of life
pulmonary stenosis - ejection systolic murmur at left sternal boarder
