Immunology Flashcards
1st
and 2nd line of defense
Natural immunity
Non-specific and rapid
3rd line of defense
Has a standardized magnitude of response
Adaptive immunity
Specific and slow
Composition of Innate immunity
Phagocytic leukocytes
Dendritic cells
NK cells
Plasma proteins
Cardinal sign
Redness
Rubor - Increase blood flow
Cardinal sign
Heat
Calor - Interleukin production
Cardinal sign
Pain
Dolor - (lactic acid production)
Cardinal sign
Loss of function
Functio Laesa
Cardinal sign
Swelling
(release of fluid
to surrounding tissue)
Tumor
Plasma proteins that
increase rapidly by at
least 25% due to
infection, Trauma or
injury.
Acute Phase Reactants
Best marker for acute inflammation
C-Reactive Protein
6 to 10 hours
6 to 10 hours,
best marker for acute inflammation
True or False
If TLR bonds in its receptor
phagocytosis will occur
True
Toll like receptors for gram (+) bacteria
TLR2
Toll like receptors for gram (-) bacteria
TLR4
Innate immunity involves?
Inflammation
Acute Phase Reactants
Phagocytosis
Interferons
Tumor Necrosis Factor
Betalysin
Complement system
substances that coat particles and other organism
and make them more susceptible to phagocytosis. (Ex. C3b)
Opsonins
test for chemotaxis
Boyden chamber assay
HOW ANTIGENS ARE DESTROYED
■ Activation of NADPH oxidase
■ Nitric Oxide
■ Formation of Phagolysosome
✓ Inability to kill ingested microorganism
✓ Impaired NAPDH oxidase
✓ Test: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test
Chronic granulomatous Disease
Incubation of Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test
37C for 15mins
Syndromes that involves Abnormal Chemotactic
Movement
✓ Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome
✓ Job’s Syndrome
Positive and Negative color for:
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test
Purple-blue = Formazan (+) normal
Yellow = Formazan (-) abnormal
Type 1 interferons and their major producers
Alpha - NK cells
Beta - Fibroblasts and EC
Type 2 interferon and it’s major producer
Gamma - T cells
TNF ALPHA is produced by?
Macrophage
TNF BETA is produced by?
CD41 and CD8 cells
Release by platelets during coagulation
✓ Lysis of many G (+) bacteria
Betalysin
Pathway that Requires IgM or IgG for activation
Classical pathway
order of activation by classical
C142356789
C1 is not needed in this pathway
Lectin pathway
C124 is not needed in this pathway
Alternative pathway a.k.a properdin pathway
Cleaves factor B into Bb in the
presence of C3 and Mg ions
Factor D
binds to C3bBb to
prevent spontaneous decay of the complex
Properdin (Factor P)
binds to C3b to form C3 convertase
Factor B
Classical pathway C3 convertase
C4b2a
Classical pathway C5 convertase
C4b2a3b
Alternative pathway C3 convertase
C3bBb
Alternative pathway C5 convertase
C3bBb3b
dissociates C1r and C1s from C1q
C1 inhibitor ( C1 INH)
cleaves C3b and C4b
Factor I
Competes for factor B
Factor H
acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate C4b
C4 binding protein
prevent attachment of the C5b67 complex to cell membrane
S protein (vitronectin)
accelerates dissociation of C3 convertase
Decay accelerating factor (DAF)
clinical significance of decreased complement components
auto immune disorder
amount of C’ serum that can cause hemolysis of the 50 % reagent RBC
CH50 Assay
immunity obtained after injection of gamma globulin for the induction of an immune state
passive artificial immunity
immunity obtained from vaccination
active artificial immunity
largest secondary lymphoid organ
spleen
T cells are found on:
- Medullary perifollicular and paracortical region of lymph node
- Periarteriolar regions of spleen
- Thoracic duct of circulatory system
B cells are found on:
- Follicular of lymph nodes
- Primary follicles and red pulp of spleen
- Follicular region of Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
what T cell receptor is for Sheep RBC
CD2
what T cell receptor is the Antigen Receptor complex
CD3
T cell receptor of MHC class II molecule (T helper cells)
CD4
Receptor of MHC class I molecule (T suppressor & T
cytotoxic cells)
CD8
what T cell receptor is involved with Interleukin 2
CD25
what T cell receptor is seen in NK cells with the absence of CD3
CD56 and CD16
Precursor cell in antibody production
B lymphocytes
most common B cell
B2
which B cell is found in the surface organ
B cell AB
Double positive thymocytes development
w/ CD4 + CD 8 +
Double negative thymocytes development
CD2 + no CD4 & CD 8
Mature T cell development
Either by CD4 + or CD 8 +
Activated T cell development
Binded by IL – 2 : Receptor : CD25
Sensitized T cell development
Secretes lymphokines not sensitized t cell: memory T cell
