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MTAP 1st day Compre Reviewer > HEMATOLOGY must memorize > Flashcards

HEMATOLOGY must memorize Flashcards

1
Q

Order of draw

A
  1. sterile blood culture
  2. Citrate (blue)
  3. non additive (red)
  4. Heparin (green)
  5. EDTA (lavender)
  6. Fluoride (gray)
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2
Q

Routine gauge needle

A

20g

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3
Q

which hematopoietic period is the 19th day of gestation?

A

Mesoblastic period

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4
Q

Embryonic hemoglobins

A

Gower 1 = Zeta2 + Epsilon2
Portland = Zeta2 + Gamma2
Gower 2 = Alpha2 + Epsilon 2

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5
Q

which hematopoietic period is the 3rd month of gestation?

A

Hepatic period

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6
Q

Hemoglobin production includes what types of hemoglobin?

A

HbF = Alpha2 + Gamma2
HbA1 = Alpha2 + Beta2
HbA2 = Alpha2 + Gamma2

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7
Q

which hematopoietic period is between the 5th and 6th month of gestation?

A

Myeloid period

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8
Q

Reference range for hemoglobin on adults.
Male & female (g/dL)
Neonates (%)

A

Male: 13.5 - 18.0 g/dL

Female: 12.0 - 15.0 g/dL

Neonates: HbF = 60 - 80 %

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9
Q

Reference range for Hematocrit %

A

Male: 40 - 54 %

Female: 35 - 49 %

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10
Q

MCV reference range (fL)

A

80 -100 fL

*used to assess if Microcytic, Normocytic, or Macrocytic

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11
Q

MCHC reference range (g/dL)

A

32- 36 g/dL

*used to assess if Hypochromic, or Normochormic

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12
Q

RBC count reference range (x10^12/L)

A

Male: 4.20 - 6.00 x10^12/L

Female: 3.80 - 5.20 x10^12/L

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13
Q

PLT reference range (x10^3/uL)

A

150 - 450 x10^3/uL

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14
Q

Variation in RBC cell size

A

Anisocytosis

RBC = 6-8 um
MCV & RDW (reference)

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15
Q

Macrocyte is caused by these anemia

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 def)
Non-megaloblastic anemia (BM failure)
Pernicious anemia (autoimmune)

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16
Q

Microcytes cause by (TAILS)

A

T - Thalassemia
A - Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
I - Iron deficiency Anemia
L - Lead poisoning
S - Siderobalstic Anemia

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17
Q

RBC Central Pallor normal reference

A

approx. 1/3 of the diameter

*determines color variation (MCHC)

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18
Q

Abnormal variation in RBC shape

*common on severe anemia

A

Poikilocytosis

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19
Q

RBC anomaly that has small, round, dense RBC with no central pallor

A

Spherocytes

Good to know:
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Extensive burns (w/ schistocytes)

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20
Q

RBC with slit-like area of central pallor

A

Stomatocytes

Good to know:
- RH null syndrome
- Alcoholism
- Hereditary stomacytosis
- Severe liver disease

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21
Q

RBC anomalies in Mackloid syndrome and abetalipoproteinemia

A

Acanthocytes

*see RBC anomaly photos on Rodak’s Chapter 19 pg. 290 (5th ed)

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22
Q

RBC with blunt or pointed, short projections

A

Burr cell (Echinocyte)

Good to know:
- Uremia
- Pyruvate kinase
deficiency

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23
Q

RBC associated with primary myelofibrosis

A

Dacryocytes

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24
Q

RBC associated with DIC and severe burn

A

Schistocytes

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25
Q

Aka leptocyte,platycyte, codocyte,
Mexican hat cell

A

Target cell

Good to know:
- Liver disease
- Thalassemia
- Hemoglobinopathies

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26
Q

2 RBC Inclusion Bodies not visible in wright stain

A

Heinz body
Hb H

*see RBC inclusion bodies table on Rodak’s Chapter 19 pg. 289 (5th ed)

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27
Q
  • Stack of coins
  • Elevated protein levels
  • Increase plasma fibrinogen
A

Rouleux Formation

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28
Q

Factor I

A

Fibrinogen

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29
Q

Factor II

A

Prothrombin

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30
Q

Factor III

A

Tissue Factor

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31
Q

Factor IV

A

Ionic calcium

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32
Q

Factor V

A

Labile factor

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33
Q

Factor VII

A

Stable factor

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34
Q

Factor VIII

A

Anti hemophilic factor

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35
Q

Factor VIII carrier

A

Von Willebrand Factor

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36
Q

Factor IX

A

Christmas Factor

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37
Q

Factor X

A

Stuart - Prower

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38
Q

Factor XI

A

Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent
(PTA)

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39
Q

Factor XII

A

Hageman Factor

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40
Q

Other name for Prekallikrein

A

Fletcher Factor

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41
Q

Other name for High Molecular Weight Kininogen (HMWK)

A

Fitzgerald Factor

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42
Q

Factor XIII

A

Fibrin Stabilizing Factor (FSF)

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43
Q

Factors in Intrinsic Pathway

A

9, 8, 11, 12

*APTT reference

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44
Q

Factors in Extrinsic Pathway

A

1, 3, 5, 7

*PT reference

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45
Q

Not seen in fresh serum

A

1, 5, 8, 13

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46
Q

Not seen in aged serum

A

1, 2, 5, 8, 13

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47
Q

Not seen in aged plasma

A

5 and 8

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48
Q

Not seen in adsorbed plasma

A

2, 7, 9, 10

*also Vitamin K dependent factors

49
Q

Low HBG and HCT means?

A

Blood loss

50
Q

How to differentiate chronic and acute blood loss?

A

Base on reticulocyte count

low retic = acute
high retic - chronic

51
Q

which marrow is hematopoietically active?

A

Red marrow

52
Q

which marrow is hematopoietically inactive?

A

Yellow marrow

53
Q

cells in bone marrow that secrete semifluid extracellular matrix

A

Stromal cells

54
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell marker

A

CD34

55
Q

CALLA marker (Common Acute Lymphoblastic Antigen)

A

CD10

56
Q

Closest cells to mast cells

A

Basophils

57
Q

+ color in sulfhemoglobinemia

A

Mauve lavender

58
Q

+ color in methhemoglobinemia

A

Choco brown

59
Q

+ color in deoxyhemoglobinemia

A

Dark red

60
Q

+ color in carboxyhemoglobinemia

A

Cherry red

61
Q

Positive instrumental errors

A

Bubbles
Electrical Pulses
Aperture plugs

62
Q

Affected by side angle scatter

A

Cytoplasmic granularity

63
Q

Affected by forward light scatter

A

Cell size

64
Q

cells seen in G6PD

A

Bite cells

65
Q

Hemoglobin associated with Clostridium perfringens

A

Sulfhemoglobin

66
Q

Reagent used for RBC count

A

Drabkin’s reagent

67
Q

Enzyme that differentiates acute myelocytic and acute lymphoblastic

A

Peroxidase

68
Q

Marker for T cells

A

CD2, CD3

69
Q

Marker for B cells

A

CD19, CD20

70
Q

Primary stimulus of erythropoiesis

A

Hypoxia

71
Q

Erythropoietin is produced in

A

Kidney

72
Q

Stain used for Reticulocytes with polychromasia

A

Romanowsky stain

72
Q

Juvenile granulocyte not capable of mitosis

*predominant WBC in BM

A

Metamyelocyte

72
Q

Youngest cell in the series present in peripheral blood

Resembles pelger-huet

A

Band cell AKA stab/staff

72
Q

NK cells marker

A

CD16, CD56

72
Q

Bone forming cells? confused with?

A

Osteoblasts confused with plasma cells

72
Q

Bone destroying cells? confused with?

A

Osteoclasts confused with megakaryocytes

72
Q

Sequence of erythropoiesis

A

CFU-E
Proerythroblast (Rubriblast 8:1)
Basophilic erythroblast (Prorubricyte 6:1)
Polychromatic erythroblast (Rubricyte 4:1)
Orthochromic erythroblast (Metarubricyte 1:2)
Reticulocyte
Mature RBC

73
Q

Sequence of granulopoiesis

A

CFU-GM
Myeloblast (4:1)
Promyelocyte (3:1)
Myelocyte (1:1)
Metamyelocyte (no mitosis, WBC in BM)
Band (in PBS, resemble pelger-huet)
———————————-
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil

74
Q

Colors of granulocytic myelocytes (earliest recognizable)

Neutrophil myelocyte

A

Rose pink graules

75
Q

Colors of granulocytic myelocytes (earliest recognizable)

Eosinophil myelocyte

A

Orange-red granules

76
Q

Colors of granulocytic myelocytes (earliest recognizable)

Basophil myelocyte

A

dark purple

77
Q

sequence of monopoiesis

A

monoblast
promonocyte
monocyte

77
Q

sequence of lymphopoiesis

A

lymphoblast
prolymphocyte
lymphocyte

78
Q

Largest cell in Peripheral Blood

A

Monocyte

79
Q

Life span of T lymphocyte

A

4-10 yrs

80
Q

Life span of B lymphocyte

A

3-4 days

81
Q

Sequence of Thrombopoiesis

A

Megakaryoblast (10:1)
Promegakaryocyte (4:1 to 7:1)
Granular and mature megakaryocyte (<1:1)
Metamegakaryocyte
Platelet/Thrombocyte (8-11 days)

82
Q

Largest cell in BM

A

Megakaryocyte

83
Q

Major pathway in glycolysis

A

Embden-Meyerhoff pathway (Anaerobic glycolysis)

84
Q

3 types of glycolysis diversion pathways (shunts)

A

Hexose monophosphate shunt
Rapoport-Luebering pathway
Methemoglobin reductase pathway

85
Q

It is the removal of inclusion by the spleen

A

Pitting

86
Q

It is the removal of senescent/aged RBCs by the spleen

A

Culling

87
Q

Associated anemia in normo-normo (AHA)

A

Acute blood loss
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia

88
Q

Associated anemia in micro-hypo (CCITS)

A

Chronic blood loss
Chronic disease
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia

89
Q

Associated anemia in macro-normo (MN)

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12/folate def)
Nonmegaloblastic anemia (Liver disease, alcoholism)

90
Q

Congenital aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi’s anemia/syndrome

91
Q

Acquired aplastic anemia

A

Radiation, chemicals, drugs

92
Q

↓WBCs
↓RBCs
↓Retics
↓Plts

A

Pancytopenia

93
Q

It differentiates Iron Deficiency Anemia from other micro-hypo anemia

A

TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) high in IDA

94
Q

GRADING:
Area of palor is 1/2 of cell diameter

A

1+

95
Q

GRADING:
Area of palor is 2/3 of cell diameter

A

2+

96
Q

GRADING:
Area of palor is 3/4 of cell diameter

A

3+

97
Q

GRADING:
Area of palor is a thin rim of Hbg

A

4+

98
Q

Inclusions in megaloblastic anemia

A

Oval macrocytes
Howell-jolly bodies
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Ineffective erythropoiesis

99
Q

Microscopic: RBCs gray (or blue)​
WBC too dark​
Eosinophil: Gray

A

Stains/buffers too basic (most common)​
Inadequate Rinsing​
Heparinized blood specimen

100
Q

STAINING:
Microscopic: RBCs too pale (red)​
WBC barely visible

A

Too acidic stain (mc)​
Over rinsing​
Inadequate buffering

101
Q

Red cell grading of positive and negative

A

Sickle cell
Basophilic stippling
Pappenheimer
Howell-jolly

102
Q

examples of myeloproliferative disorder

A

​Chronic myelogous leukemia (CML)
Myelofibrosis
Polycythemia vera
Essential thrombocythemia

103
Q

Number of WBC in peripheral blood​?

Leukemic leukemia

A

> 15,000 WBC/uL

104
Q

no. of WBC in peripheral blood​?

Subleukemic leukemia

A

<15,000 WBC/uL with immature cells

105
Q

no. of WBC in peripheral blood​?

Aleukemic leukemia

A

<15,000 WBC/uL without immature cells

106
Q

+AML , -ALL

A

Myeloperoxiase and Sudan Black

107
Q

-AML, +AML (marker for immature lymphocyte)

A

Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase

108
Q

Normal All blood cells except erythroblast
(PAS +)

A

Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain

109
Q

+Granulocyte,
- Monocyte​

A

Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase

110
Q

-Granulocyte, +Monocyte​

A

Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase

111
Q

+Hairy cell leukemia and T cell Leukemia,

  • non T cell Leukemia​
A

Acid Phosphatase (Tartrate Resistant AP)

112
Q

Basophils and mast cells recognition

A

Toluidine Blue

MTAP 1st day Compre Reviewer (10 decks)

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