Immunologic Drugs

Question 1

Active immunity

Answer 1

Immunity that occurs by an animal’s own immune response after exposure to foreign antigen.

Question 2

Adjuvant

Answer 2

A substance given with an antigen to enhance the immune response to the antigen. Adjuvants may form a localized granuloma at the injection site or may produce systemic hypersensitivity, Adjuvants have received much attention as a result of a possible (but not proven) link with the increased incidence of fribosarcomas in vaccinated cats. Examples of adjuvants are aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, aluminium potassium sulfate, water in oil, saponin, and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) dextran.

Question 3

Anaphylaxis

Answer 3

A systemic, severe allergic reaction.

Question 4

Antibody

Answer 4

An immunoglobulin molecule that combines with the specific antigen that induced its formation.

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Any substance that can induce a specific immune response, such as toxins, foreign proteins, bacteria, and viruses.

Question 6

Avirulent

Answer 6

The inability of an infectious agent to produce pathologic effects.

Question 7

Bacterin

Answer 7

A killed bacterial vaccine.

Question 8

Core vaccines

Answer 8

Recommended vaccines for most animals to protect them from highly contagious diseases that are widespread in the environment.

Question 9

Monovalent

Answer 9

A vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism.

Question 10

Noncore vaccines

Answer 10

Optional vaccines that are considered for animals at risk for developing disease based on geographic location and the lifestyle of the animal.

Question 11

Passive immunity

Answer 11

Immunity that occurs by administration of antibody produces in another individual.

Question 12

Polyvalent

Answer 12

A vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin active against multiple antigens or organisms; mixed vaccine.

Question 13

Preservative

Answer 13

A substance, such as an antibiotic, antiinfective, or fungistat, that is added to a product to destroy or inhibit multiplication of microorganisms.

Question 14

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer 14

A process that removes a gene from one organism or pathogen and inserts it into the DNA of another. This also may be referred to as gene splicing.

Question 15

Toxoid

Answer 15

Inactivated toxin that has been weakened by a chemical or heat treatment to eliminate the toxic qualities but retain antigenic properties.

Question 16

Virulence

Answer 16

The ability of an infectious agent to produce pathologic effects.