Immunohistochemistry

Question 1

Define: Antigen

Answer 1

Any substance that can induce a detectable immune response

Question 2

Define: Antibody

Answer 2

Proteins that are produced by B lymphocytes in response to antigenic stimulation, commonly known as immunoglobulins

Question 3

Define: Substrate

Answer 3

The substance on which an enzyme acts, e.g. naphthol AS-BI phosphate serves as a substrate for acid phosphatase

Question 4

Define: Chromogen

Answer 4

A benzene derivative containing a color-bearing group, or chromophore

Question 5

Define: Fluorochrome

Question 6

Define: Epitope

Answer 6

The simplest form of antigenic determinate present on a complete antigenic molecule

Question 7

Define: Secondary antibody

Question 8

Define: Multilink secondary antibodies

Question 9

Differentiate between polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies.

Question 10

Explain Direct immunohistochemical technique.

Question 11

Explain Indirect immunohistochemical technique.

Question 12

Explain Peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique.

Question 13

Explain Avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical technique.

Question 14

Explain Polymeric detection system immunohistochemical technique.

Question 15

List 2 fluorochromes.

Question 16

Identify 2 common chromogens used with IHC peroxidase techniques.

Question 17

Identify 2 chromogens used with IHC alkaline phosphatase techniques/

Question 18

Identify at least 3 enzymes systems used in enzyme IHC.

Question 19

Described the preferred method of specimen preparation for immunofluorescence.

Question 20

Identify problems that may be encountered with formaldehyde fixation of specimens for IHC staining.

Question 21

Describe any special issues with respect to using formalin fixatives in IHC.

Question 22

Describe 2 blocking reactions and identify the purpose of each.

Question 23

Identify 5 heavy chains that make up the different classes of immunoglobulins.

Question 24

Identify 2 light chains that make up the different classes of immunoglobulins.

Question 25

Describe the use of negative tissue and reagents.

Question 26

List at least 6 problems that may occur with IHC staining and state a corrective action.

Question 27

Why is preparing positive controls in the laboratory preferred to purchasing them?

Question 28

List 2 methods of epitope retrieval.

Question 29

List at least 3 solutions that have been used for heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER).

Question 30

List at least 3 ways of heating HIER.

Question 31

List at least 3 solutions that have been used for enzyme-induced epitope retrieval (EIER).

Question 32

Identify alcohol soluble and nonalcohol soluble chromogens.

Question 33

List 4 chemicals used to intensify the 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction.

Question 34

List common antibodies and the tumors they are used to identify.