immunlogic Flashcards
Body initially responds to an injury or infection by
dilating the capillary bed and increasing the capillary permeability of the affected area
rubor=
redness
active
person synthesizes own antibodies in response to pathogen
passive
antibody produced by person or animal is transferred to another person
Cell mediated
Aimed at
intracellular defects caused by viruses and cancer
cell mediated
responsible for
delayed hypersensitivity reactions and rejection of transplanted tissue
immune system must recognize its own what
protein
Autoimmune diseases occur when there is a
breakdown of tolerance; immune system identifies its own proteins as foreign and mounts a response to destroy these self-proteins
s/s auto immune disease
Frequent or persistent infections, bleeds for a long time when cut, bruises easily, or has chronic fatigue
neutropenia
Total number of neutrophils abnormally low, increasing risk of infection
Caused by decreased bone marrow production, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, certain drugs or an autoimmune reaction
Also by increased neutrophil utilization because of overwhelming infection
Common sites of infection: lung, blood, skin, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract
Leukemia
Cancer of the white blood cells: bone marrow produces too many immature white blood cells
Immature white blood cells leave patient at great risk for life-threatening infections
Factors: exposure to large doses of ionizing radiation or exposure to certain chemicals such as benzene, a compound found in gasoline
Two main types—myelogenous and lymphocytic
Each type can be either chronic or acute *
Signs and symptoms of acute leukemia
Fevers and night sweats
Fatigue, paleness, tachycardia, and tachypnea
Petechiae or purpura, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, melena (black tarry stools), or menorrhagia
Weight loss and swollen lymph nodes
type 1
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE reacting to common allergens, such as dust, pollen, animal dander, insect stings, or various drugs
Either local, resulting in local swelling and discomfort, or systemic, resulting in anaphylaxis and possible death if not recognized and treated promptly
type 2
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by antibody reactions
Can occur with a mismatched blood transfusion or as response to various drugs
type 3
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions result in tissue damage resulting from precipitation of antigen-antibody immune complexes
Can occur with autoimmune reactions, some occupational diseases, or as response to various drugs
type 4
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions result from immune cells migrating to the site of exposure days after the exposure to the antigen
Can occur with contact dermatitis, measles rash, tuberculin skin testing, or various drugs
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
IgG mistakenly helps destroy patient’s platelets
Drugs that induce ITP: sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, chlorpropamide, quinidine, and gold. Patients with HIV are at increased risk for developing ITP
Speendectomy is done
no blood transfusion because it can destroy body
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP
Exaggerated immunologic response to vessel injury that results in extensive clot formation and decreased blood flow to the site
Patients become critically ill; develop fever, thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet count), hemolytic anemia, renal impairment, and neurologic symptoms
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Autoimmune disease: immune system unable to recognize itself; mounts an immune response against its own proteins
Damage from antibodies and immune complexes directed against one/many organs
Arthralgias and myalgias
Joints often swollen, tender, stiff, and painful
Rash and photosensitivity
inflammation of retina-onset of blindeness
