immunlogic

Question 1

Body initially responds to an injury or infection by

Answer 1

dilating the capillary bed and increasing the capillary permeability of the affected area

Question 2

rubor=

Answer 2

redness

Question 3

active

Answer 3

person synthesizes own antibodies in response to pathogen

Question 4

passive

Answer 4

antibody produced by person or animal is transferred to another person

Question 5

Cell mediated

Aimed at

Answer 5

intracellular defects caused by viruses and cancer

Question 6

cell mediated

responsible for

Answer 6

delayed hypersensitivity reactions and rejection of transplanted tissue

Question 7

immune system must recognize its own what

Answer 7

protein

Question 8

Autoimmune diseases occur when there is a

Answer 8

breakdown of tolerance; immune system identifies its own proteins as foreign and mounts a response to destroy these self-proteins

Question 9

s/s auto immune disease

Answer 9

Frequent or persistent infections, bleeds for a long time when cut, bruises easily, or has chronic fatigue

Question 10

neutropenia

Answer 10

Total number of neutrophils abnormally low, increasing risk of infection
Caused by decreased bone marrow production, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, certain drugs or an autoimmune reaction
Also by increased neutrophil utilization because of overwhelming infection
Common sites of infection: lung, blood, skin, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract

Question 11

Leukemia

Answer 11

Cancer of the white blood cells: bone marrow produces too many immature white blood cells
Immature white blood cells leave patient at great risk for life-threatening infections
Factors: exposure to large doses of ionizing radiation or exposure to certain chemicals such as benzene, a compound found in gasoline
Two main types—myelogenous and lymphocytic
Each type can be either chronic or acute *

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of acute leukemia

Answer 12

Fevers and night sweats
Fatigue, paleness, tachycardia, and tachypnea
Petechiae or purpura, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, melena (black tarry stools), or menorrhagia
Weight loss and swollen lymph nodes

Question 13

type 1

Answer 13

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE reacting to common allergens, such as dust, pollen, animal dander, insect stings, or various drugs
Either local, resulting in local swelling and discomfort, or systemic, resulting in anaphylaxis and possible death if not recognized and treated promptly

Question 14

type 2

Answer 14

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by antibody reactions
Can occur with a mismatched blood transfusion or as response to various drugs

Question 15

type 3

Answer 15

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions result in tissue damage resulting from precipitation of antigen-antibody immune complexes
Can occur with autoimmune reactions, some occupational diseases, or as response to various drugs

Question 16

type 4

Answer 16

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions result from immune cells migrating to the site of exposure days after the exposure to the antigen
Can occur with contact dermatitis, measles rash, tuberculin skin testing, or various drugs

Question 17

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Answer 17

IgG mistakenly helps destroy patient’s platelets
Drugs that induce ITP: sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, chlorpropamide, quinidine, and gold. Patients with HIV are at increased risk for developing ITP
Speendectomy is done
no blood transfusion because it can destroy body

Question 18

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP

Answer 18

Exaggerated immunologic response to vessel injury that results in extensive clot formation and decreased blood flow to the site
Patients become critically ill; develop fever, thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet count), hemolytic anemia, renal impairment, and neurologic symptoms

Question 19

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Answer 19

Autoimmune disease: immune system unable to recognize itself; mounts an immune response against its own proteins
Damage from antibodies and immune complexes directed against one/many organs
Arthralgias and myalgias
Joints often swollen, tender, stiff, and painful
Rash and photosensitivity
inflammation of retina-onset of blindeness