Diabetes

Question 1

Chronic disorder of impaired

Answer 1

metabolism with vascular and neurologic complications

Question 2

Blood glucose level normally regulated by

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

if you have gestational diabetes you are more likely to have

Answer 3

diabetes in the feature

Question 4

secondary DM occurs by

Answer 4

induced by trauma, surgery, pancreatic disease, or medications

Question 5

Type 1 DM is

Answer 5

Absence of endogenous insulin

Question 6

Type 1 DM is usually Called what

Answer 6

Formerly called juvenile-onset diabetes because it most commonly occurs in juveniles and young adults

Question 7

How does Type 1 DM Occur

Answer 7

An autoimmune process, possibly triggered by a viral infection, destroys beta cells, the development of insulin antibodies, and the production of islet cell antibodies (ICAs

Question 8

in affect type 1 DM people need

Answer 8

Affected people require exogenous insulin for the rest of their lives

Question 9

Type 2 DM is

Answer 9

Inadequate endogenous insulin and body’s inability to properly use insulin

Question 10

Type 2 Occur because

Answer 10

Beta cells respond inadequately to hyperglycemia; results in chronically elevated blood glucose
Continuous high glucose level in the blood desensitizes the beta cells; they become less responsive to the elevated glucose

Question 11

Type 2 is most common in

Answer 11

adult

Question 12

how do you control type 2 Dm

Answer 12

Controlled by diet and exercise; may require oral hypoglycemic agents or exogenous insulin

Question 13

Role of glucose

Answer 13

Insulin stimulates active transport of glucose into cells

Question 14

Role of fatty acids

Answer 14

Promotes fatty acid synthesis and conversion of fatty acids into fat, which is stored as adipose tissue

Question 15

Role of protein

Answer 15

Enhances protein synthesis in tissues and inhibits the conversion of protein into glucose

Question 16

? are identified in more than 80% of all people with type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis

Answer 16

Islet cell antibodies

Question 17

thought to be prescuror to diabetes

Answer 17

metabolic syndrome

Question 18

long term complications

Answer 18

retinopathy
nephropathy
atherosclerosis]
CAD
Neuropathy inadequate blood supply

Question 19

hypoglycemia s/s

Answer 19

tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, sweating, nervousenes

Question 20

3 p’s

Answer 20

polyuria, polydipsia (thirst), polyphagia (hunger)

Question 21

oral glucose test

Answer 21

Diet of 150 to 300 g carbohydrate for 3 days before test
Night before test, patient fasts after midnight
Morning of test, blood drawn for fasting serum glucose
Patient then given a drink (Glucola) containing 75 g of carbohydrates and instructed to remain quiet
Blood drawn at 30 minutes and 1 hour after the ingestion of glucose. After these two samples, blood is drawn at hourly intervals until the test is completed

Question 22

all pt with what type of DM will need insulin injections

Answer 22

type1, eventually 2 in the future if not controlled will need them

Question 23

rapid acting and short acting are what kind of liquid

Answer 23

clear, all others are cloudy

Question 24

all insulins are given by which injection route

Answer 24

sub q

Question 25

which insulin is given iV

Answer 25

Regular

Question 26

Site rotation helps prevent

Answer 26

lipohypertrophy or lipoatrophy

Question 27

Somogyi phenomenon

Answer 27

Rebound hyperglycemia in response to hypoglycemia

Question 28

Dawn phenomenon

Answer 28

An increase in fasting blood glucose levels between 5 and 9 AM that is not related to hypoglycemia

Question 29

hypoglycemia Develops when the blood glucose level

Answer 29

falls to less than 45 to 50 mg/dL

Question 30

cause if hypoglycemia in insulin therapy is

Answer 30

Causes include taking too much insulin, not eating enough food or not eating at the right time, an inconsistent pattern of exercise

Question 31

Exogenous hypoglycemia

Answer 31

Results from outside factors acting on the body to produce a low blood glucose
Include insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, alcohol, or exercise

Question 32

Endogenous hypoglycemia

Answer 32

Occurs when internal factors cause an excessive secretion of insulin or an increase in glucose metabolism
These conditions may be related to tumors or genetics

Question 33

Functional hypoglycemia

Answer 33

From a variety of causes, including gastric surgery, fasting, or malnutrition

Question 34

Life-threatening emergency caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin

Answer 34

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 35

s/s 
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 35

Anorexia, headache, and fatigue

As condition progresses, classic symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia develop