Immunity Flashcards
What is immunity?
Immunity refers to the way in which a plant or animal is able to fight an infection.
What constitutes the first line of defence in plants?
The first line of defence in plants includes the waxy cuticle, bark, and closely packed epidermal cells.
What do plants do when injured to prevent infection?
If a plant is injured, it can produce sticky gums and resins to seal the wound and prevent infection.
What happens in the second line of defence in plants?
The second line of defence occurs when a plant becomes infected and releases chemical compounds like salicylic acid.
How do unaffected cells respond to chemical signals in plants?
Unaffected cells respond by producing various chemical defences to protect themselves.
What are the two types of immunity in animals?
Animals have natural immunity, present at birth, and acquired immunity, which develops after exposure to pathogens.
What is the first line of defence in animals?
The first line of defence includes multi-layered skin, antiseptic tears, mucus lined air passages, enzymes in saliva, ear wax, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
What are the two responses in the second line of defence in animals?
The two responses are the primary response, which tries to destroy the pathogen, and the secondary response, which activates the immune system.
What occurs during the primary response?
The primary response involves inflammation and fever to destroy the pathogen and prevent its spread.
What is the role of the secondary response?
The secondary response activates the immune system to destroy invading pathogens and holds a memory of them to reduce re-infection.
What are the two groups of white blood cells involved in the immune system?
The two groups of white blood cells are lymphocytes and phagocytes.
