Immunisation Flashcards
What are the two types of immunity?
Passive and active
What is the aim of immunisation?
To induce active immunity to an infectious agent without causing disease
What is active immunity?
Long lasting and produces memory cells
What is passive immunisation?
Giving antibodies to An individual to treat infectious disease or protect an individual for a limited time
What are the properties of an ideal vaccine?
Stimulate appropriate immune response Effective Cheap Stable Easily administered
What are the 5 routes of immunisation?
Intramuscular Intradermal Intravenous Intraperitoneal Oral/mucosal
What is an adjuvant?
A compound administered with a immunogenicity which non specifically heightens an immune response
What is herd immunity?
When a proportion of a population is so high that a pathogen cannot find enough susceptible hosts
What are attenuated viruses?
Live but avirulent bacterial cells that are grown under abnormal conditions, which renders them imcapable of growth in a host
What are the advantages of attenuated vaccines?
Prolonged exposure (increased immunogenicity)
Single immunisation
Replicate in host (induce CMI)
What does CMI stand for?
Cell mediated immunity
What are the disadvantages of attenuated immunity?
May revert to virulent form
Other viruses could contaminate
Post vaccine complication
What are the 3 types of new generation vaccines?
Subunit vaccines
Recombinant vaccines
DNA vaccines
What factors are taken into consideration with subunit vaccines?
Biochemically pure subunit
Expensive
Ensured purity
Long process
What factors are involved in recombinant subunit vaccines?
Cloned gene inserted into expression vector
Grow microorganism in vector (cheap, rapid growth)
