Diagnostics Flashcards
What are the 5 methods of microscopy?
Light microscopy (stained or normal)
Fluorescent (special stains the fluoresce under UV)
Dark ground (uses indirect light)
Phase contrast (phase shifted light)
Electron (beam used to visualise smallest particles )
What factors affect lab diagnostics?
Clinical details (age,gender) Quality of specimen Transport conditions Maintenance media Choice and quality of growth media Physical conditions
What factors are taken into account when isolating microbes?
Choice of media
Selective enrichment
Selective incubation
What are the methods of identification for bacteria?
Biochemical tests Serological tests Morphology Smell Antibiotic susceptibility
What are the variables on BSAC methods?
Defined media
Defined agar depth
Defined inoculum
What are the identification methods of viruses?
Cytopathic effect on tissue
Morphology by EM
serology
PCR
What are the identification methods of fungi?
Morphology Growth requirements Biochem reactions Serology Temperature
What are the identification methods of parasites?
Finding intact parasites
Ova/cysts
Antigen detection
By what two major mechanism are urinary tract infections contracted?
Haematogenous spread
Ascending infection
What are the symptoms of urinary tract infection (uti)
dysuria
frequency
pyuria
haematuria
What is the most common bacteria to cause uti?
Enterobacteriacae
What are the major mechanisms of uti?
Hematogenous spread (bacteria in the body) Ascending infection (climbs urethra)
What is the most common bacteria for UTI?
Enterobacteriacae
What are risk factors associated with UTI?
Women
Proximity of anus to urethra
Shorter urethra
Not emptying bladder
What are common symptoms of UTI?
Frequent urinating
Bloody urine
Pain when urinating
Vomiting
