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BioMed S2 > Immune System Quizzes > Flashcards

Immune System Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

What lymphocyte is implicated in antibody mediated immunity?

A

B-cell

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2
Q

Explain the role of interleukin-2.

A

Cytokine causing clonal selection

Creating
* active response (T-helper cells, cytotoxic T-cells, plasma cells) and
* memory (memory T-cells and memory B-cells)

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3
Q

Name TWO antigen presenting cells.

A

Macrophages
B-cells

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4
Q

Briefly describe the structure of an antibody.

A

Y-shaped (2 binding sites)
4 polypeptide chains
Constant and variable zones

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5
Q

Name the most abundant antibody found in the blood.

A

IgG

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6
Q

Name the antibody that is implicated in allergies.

A

IgE

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7
Q

Give an example of naturally-acquired passive immunity.

A

Breast milk (IgA)
Placenta (IgG)

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8
Q

Where does self-recognition and self-tolerance of T-cells occur?

A

Thymus

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9
Q

In what autoimmune condition might a patient suffer from exophthalmos?

A

Graves Disease

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10
Q

List FIVE components of the first line of immune defence.

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Sweat
Sebaceous glands
Mucocilary escalator
Nasals hairs
Saliva
Tears
Vomiting/diarrhoea

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11
Q

Where are complement proteins produced? Explain the role
of complement

A

Produced in the liver
Creating an immune cascade leading to
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
Cytolysis

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12
Q

Name the TWO main phagocytes.

A

Neutrophils
Monocytes (Macrophages)

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13
Q

Describe how natural killer (NK) cells work.

A

Release perforin into pathogenic cells causing them to rupture

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14
Q

State TWO benefits of inflammation.

A

Attract phagocytes
Speeds up immune response (via vasodilation/increased permeability)
Dilute toxins

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15
Q

State TWO possible outcomes of acute inflammation.

A

Chronic inflammation
Resolution
Granuloma/scarring

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16
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Pain
  3. Swelling
  4. Heat
  5. Loss of function
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17
Q

What is the function of transferrins?

A

Iron-binding proteins
Preventing bacterial growth by reducing the availability of iron in the blood

18
Q

What is the function of interleukin-1? Is it a cell or protein?

A

IL-1 stimulates fever by messaging the hypothalmus
It is a protein (cytokine)

19
Q

Explain the role of interferons.

A

Anti-viral proteins
Stop surrounding cells from replicating therefore blocking DNA replication of viruses

20
Q

List FOUR symptoms of SLE

A

Butterfly rash
Photosensitivity
Joint pain (sym/asym)
Renaud’s syndrome
Chest pain

21
Q

Are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic

22
Q

Explain what is meant by an epidemic

A

Large breakout of infection in the population

23
Q

Describe the structure of a virus

A

DNA or RNA strand inside a protein coat known as the CAPSID

24
Q

Describe how are viruses designed to avoid the host immune system?

A

By entering the host’s own cells
No metabolism of their own
No structures of their own
They can become latent and ‘hide’
They can mutate

25
Q

Define mycosis.

A

Fungal infection

26
Q

Define the term sterilisation.

A

Heating in air for 30mins or steam for 20mins at 180°
Kills all microbes and spores

27
Q

What is meant by the prodromal period?

A

Period of non-specific symptoms

28
Q

What is meant by vector transmission?

A

The transmission of an infectious disease by an intermediate carrier eg. mosquito

29
Q

What is meant by the incubation period?

A

Period of time between intial exposure of the microbe to the first symptoms

30
Q

Explain what is meant by a nosocomial infection.

A

An infection acquired in a medical setting.

31
Q

Describe the appearance of an impetigo infection.

A

Golden, crusty lesions on the face.

32
Q

Explain why individuals might develop oral candidiasis

A

Compromised immune system
Antibiotic use
Diatbetes/HIV
Stress
Diet rich in refined sugar

33
Q

Name the infective organism that causes cold sores.

A

Herpes simplex (I)

34
Q

Describe what you might observe in the mouth of a patient with diphtheria.

A

A grey membrane across the pharynx

35
Q

Name the infective organism that causes tuberculosis. What system of the body is often affected by TB and why?

A

Bacteria
The respiratory because this bacteria loves oxygen

*Mycobaterium tuberculosis

36
Q

List THREE symptoms of hepatitis.

A

Diarrohea, nausea/vomiting
Jaundice
Itchiness in skin*

*from bile salts

37
Q

Name the infective organism that causes malaria.

A

Protozoan

Plasmodium

38
Q

Explain how HIV is typically transmitted.

A

Sexual intercourse (principally anal sex)
Intravenous drug use

39
Q

Name ONE sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium.

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis

40
Q

Describe the appearance of genital herpes.

A

Fluid filled vesicles
Shallow ulcers

BioMed S2 (34 decks)

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