19 Pharmacology - Quizzes Flashcards
What does the term indication mean in terms of drugs?
That the drug is specific (indicated) for these conditions
The uses the drugs can be applied for.
What does the term contraindication mean?
That the drug is NOT to be taken by individuals with a certain condition eg pregnancy
What effect can grapefruit juice have on drug metabolism?
Inhibits CYP450 enzymes therefore affecting the metabolism of 50% of drugs
What does the term iatrogenic mean?
Induced by a medical practitioner
Name TWO ways of administering a drug that bypasses the first pass effect.
Sub-lingually
Injection
What does an agonist drug do?
Binds to cell receptors and stimulates activity
What does an antagonist drug do?
Binds to cell receptors and blocks the reaction
What is meant by a placebo? What percentage of
medications have been shown to have a placebo effect?
Placebo is a substance with no active material that promotes a positive reaction due to the belief of the patient.
30% of medications show this effect
Metformin is often used in the management of ……..
T2 diabetes mellitus
Allopurinol is often used in the management of ……..
Gout (prevention)
Simvastatin is a ……. lowering drug.
cholesterol
Diazepam is used in the management of ……..
anxiety
Diclofenac is an example of a ……..
NSAID
The names of beta-blocker drugs tend to end in -……..
ol
An opioid analgesic works on the pain pathway in the …….
CNS
Diuretics act on the ……….. to increase …………..
excretion. A common side effect is the loss of ………..s.
kidney
water
mineral salts
Prednisolone is an example of a ……..
Corticosteroid
Ranitidine (Zantac) is classed as a H2 receptor …….-ist.
antagon
Explain what is meant by a loading dose.
A high intial dose to bring the drug level into the theraputic range in the body
Give FOUR ways in which a drug can be administered.
- Orally
- Sub-lingually
- Injection
- Suppository
