Immune System Components

Question 1

Antigens

Answer 1

(Antibody Generators)

Specific molecules the immune system recognizes as foreign; can induce an immune response

Question 2

B-cells

Answer 2

Immune cells made in bone marrow and circulate in the blood

• produce antibodies
• helps body “remember” antigens its encountered
• ensure future infections by same pathogens will trigger more rapid immune response

Question 3

Macrophages

Answer 3

Scavenger cells of immune system, are present throughout the body

• engulf foreign material they encounter (like pathogens)
• degrade it and present RD antigens on their surfaces
• can interact with and activate other immune cells (like B-cells and T-cells)

Question 4

White blood cells

Answer 4

Include immune system cells like B-cells and T-cells

Question 5

Pathogens

Answer 5

Organisms such as bacterium, fungi, or virus with potential to cause disease

Question 6

T-cells

Answer 6

Immune cells formed in bone marrow, mature in thymus

• circulate in blood
• two types
  - helper T-cells respond to macrophages or B-cells fighting an antigen, help send messages to trigger rapid and strong immune response
  - killer T-cells carry out cell to cell combat
  - destroy cells that are infected with virus as wells as cells that have become cancerous

Question 7

Types of immunity

Answer 7

Medically/artificially acquired immunity
-vaccines

Naturally acquired immunity

• you get sick from a disease and make memory B-cells and are immune
• breast milk has antibodies which are passed on to the offsprings body

Question 8

Blood type A

Answer 8

• Has A antigens
• Can get blood from A & O
• Makes antibody B’s

Question 9

Blood type B

Answer 9

• Has B antigens
• Can get blood from B & O
• Make antibody A’s

Question 10

Blood type AB

Answer 10

• Has A and B antigens
• Can get blood from A, B, O, AB
• Doesn’t make any antibodies, can get blood from anywhere
  - Universal acceptor

Question 11

Blood type O

Answer 11

• No antigens
• Can get blood from O
• Makes antibody A’s
• Makes antibody B’s

Question 12

Reaction of pathogen getting into body

Answer 12

1. Macrophage engulfs pathogens & processes antigens
2. Macrophages displays pathogenic antigens on cell surface
3. Helper T-cell recognizes antigen & releases signal molecules called lymphokines
   CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSE
4. Lymphokines activate killer T-cells
5. Activated killer T-cell recognizes cells infected with pathogens
6. Killer T-cell destroys infected cells
   OR
   ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RESPONSE
7. Lymphokines activate B-cells to produce free antibodies. Some B-cells become memory cells
8. Antibodies bind to pathogens
9. Antibodies cause clumping of pathogens. Other immune cells clear clumped pathogens from system.

Question 13

Antibodies

Answer 13

Protein molecules that B-cells produce when activated in response to foreign antigens

• may be located on surface of certain immune system cells
• may circulate freely in bloodstream