Chapter 9 Terms Flashcards
Open System
-A system where both matter and energy can enter or leave
Closed System (Earth)
- A system where energy can enter(sun) and leave(heat) but matter cannot
- Matter needs to be recycled
Biotic
- Living
- Decomposers can break down biotic matter
- Can be recycled faster
Abiotic
Non-living
Decomposers
Break down dead and decaying matter
Producers/autotrophs
- Can make their own food through photosynthesis
- Bring energy into living systems
Consumers/heterotrophs
Eat other organisms
Food chain
Single path of who eats whom
-EX. grass(producer )–> stinkbug(primary consumer (1˚))–> spider(secondary consumer(2˚)) –> snake(tertiary consumer(3˚)) –> hawk(quaternary consumer (4˚))
10% Rule
10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level
90% Rule
90% of energy can be lost to heat, go to cellular respiration, or go to decomposers
Food web
Many organisms, who eats whom in an ecosystem
Trophic pyramid
1,000,000,000 kcal (producers), 100,000,000 kcal (primary consumer), 10,000,000 kcal (secondary consumer), 1,000,000 kcal (tertiary consumer), 100,000 kcal (quaternary consumer)
-Goes down 10% every level (take off a 0)
Biomass
Mass of all living organisms in a given environment
Consumable Biomass
- Biomass available for the next trophic level
- What can be consumed for the next level
Community
A group of organisms that live and interact with one another in a given area (biotic)
