Chapter 10: Reproduction

Question 1

Days 1-6 of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 1

Events: Menstruation (shed lining of uterus)
-Follicle begins to develop ovary

Hormones: FSH is released by the brain
-Estrogen and progesterone levels are low

Question 2

Days 7-12 of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 2

Events: lining of uterus begins to thicken
-Follicle continues to develop

Hormones: FSH is released by the brain

• Follicle will release estrogen
  
  • Estrogen tells the brain to release LH

Question 3

Day 13 of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 3

Events & Hormones: LSH surge

Question 4

Day 14 of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 4

Events: Ovulation occurs (egg is released from ovary into oviduct, fertilization can occur in next 24-48 hours)

Question 5

Days 15- 27 of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 5

Events: Uterine lining continues to thicken
-Follicle turns into corpus lutetium

Hormones: Follicle releases estrogen and progesterone

Question 6

Day 28 of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 6

No events

Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone levels drop if no fertilization occured

Question 7

Reproductive strategies

Answer 7

Quality: small amount of offspring that are better at surviving

• Elephants
• Humans
• Chimp

Quantity: large amount of offspring that aren’t as good at surviving

• Yeast
• Frog
• Flies

Question 8

Gametes

Answer 8

Ova and sperm, half set of genetic info each

Ova (half set) + sperm (half set) = zygote (full set)

Question 9

Somatic cell

Answer 9

Full set of genetic info

-All cells besides gametes

Question 10

Asexual reproduction

Answer 10

1 individual contributing genetic info

Offspring will be clones of parent unless mutations occur

Question 11

Sexual reproduction

Answer 11

2 individuals contributing genetic info

Question 12

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Answer 12

-Start with egg (1/2 set info)
-Remove nucleus
-Fuses with egg with the somatic cell
(egg now has full set of genetic info)
-Egg develops into embryo
-Embryo is implanted into uterus

Question 13

Male reproductive anatomy

Answer 13

Pathway of sperm

1. Testes-sperm is made here
2. Epididymis
3. Vas deferens
4. Ejaculatory duct
   - Seminal vesicles
   - Prostate gland
   - Cowper’s gland
   - These three things add nutrients and fluids to sperm to make semen
5. Urethra

Question 14

Brain

Answer 14

FSH: sperm production
LH: tells testes to make testosterone
Testosterone: sperm production (in testes)

Question 15

Fertilization

Answer 15

Sperm (1/ set of info) + Ova ( 1/2 set of info) = Zygote (full set of info) —-> becomes embryo, attaches to uterine wall ——> becomes a fetus: leaves via cervix and vagina during birth

Question 16

Umbilical Cord

Answer 16

Connects to fetus and placenta

Question 17

Placenta

Answer 17

Provides nutrients to fetus