Digestive System Flashcards
Absorption
Happens in the large intestine
Acid
Found in the stomach
Is able to be in the stomach because of its low pH levels
Amylase
Enzyme found in mouth that breaks down food
Bile
Made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, used in the small intestine to break down fat
Bloodstream
Water and vitamins and things are absorbed into bloodstream from large instestine
Carbohydrates
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Monomer: monosaccharides
Functions: source of energy for almost all organisms, bond together to make complex carbohydrates polysaccharides
Examples: starch (in plants), cellulose (in plants), glycogen (in animals)
Food Sources: candy, cereal, grains, soda, rice, bread, pasta
ENERGY SOURCE FOR BODY
Proteins
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
Monomer: amino acids (20 types)
Functions: grow hair and finger nails, fight diseases, speed up chemical reactions, muscle contractions
Examples: keratin, insulin, antibodies, hemoglobin, enzymes
Food Sources: plant derived foods; nuts, grains, seeds
animal sources; meat, milk, eggs
ENERGY SOURCE FOR BODY
Lipids
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Monomer: glycerol, fatty acids Functions: make hormones and cell membranes, long-term energy storage Examples: lipid bilayer in cell membrane Food Sources: fish oil ENERGY SOURCE FOR BODY
Nucleic Acids
Elements: phosphorus, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Monomer: nucleotides
Functions: stores genetic information
Examples: DNA & RNA
Food Sources: found in anything you eat that comes from a living organism(is found in nucleus) like plants or animals
NOT ENERGY SOURCE FOR BODY
Digestion
-The action of breaking down the food your body consumed
Two Types:
Physical: the breakup of large foods into smaller ones (mouth & stomach)
Chemical: the break up of bonds within large molecules that makeup food to form smaller molecules (mouth, small intestine, stomach)
Esophagus
- Food goes from mouth to esophagus to stomach
- No type of digestion happens there
- Contains smooth muscles (peristalsis) that move food along
Gall Bladder
-Stores bile
Large Intestine
- Water is absorbed into bloodstream
- Chemical digestion
Liver
-Makes bile
Mouth
- Chemical digestion: amylase breaks down food molecules
- Physical digestion: chewing breaks down food
Mucus lining
- Found in stomach
- Prevents stomach acid from burning through stomach lining
Pancrease
-Makes 3 enzymes: pancreatic amylase, pancreatic protease, pancreatic lipase
Pancreatic Amylase
- Enzyme
- Found in small intestine
Pancreatic Protease
- Enzyme
- Found in small intestine
- Breaks down proteins
Pancreatic Lipase
- Enzyme
- Found in small intestine
- Breaks down lipids & fats
Pepsin
- Found in stomach
- Active protein-digesting enzyme
- Breaks down large proteins into smaller polypeptides
Peristalsis
- Smooth muscles found in esophagus
- Moves food down esophagus
Saliva
- Found in mouth
- Assists with chemical digestion in mouth
Small intesine
- Chemical digestion
- 3 enzymes: pancreatic protease, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase
Stomach
- Chemical & physical digestion
- Chemical (pepsin)
- Physical (churning of stomach)
- Mucus lining
- Acid, low pH level
Villus, villi
-Little hairs that increase surface area
Water
-Absorbed into bloodstream in large intestine
Goal
Breakdown food and absorb it into the bloodstream do cells can use it for energy
