Immune system (8)

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

A defense that is always active against pathogens, but that are not capable of targeting specific invaders.

Question 2

Adaptive or specific immunity

Answer 2

defenses that target a specific pathogen. The system is slower to act but maintains immunological memory of infection to mount a faster attack in subsequent infections.

Question 3

B-cells

Answer 3

produced from bone marrow.

Site of maturation- Bone marrow (but are activated in spleen or lymph nodes)

Produce antibodies

Specific immunity

Humoral mediated

Question 4

T-Cells

Answer 4

produced in bone marrow

Site of maturation- Thymus

Coordinate immune system and directly kill infected cells

Specific immunity

Cell-mediated

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

Comes from precursor: hematopoietic stem cells
contains granules
Mneomic : BEN
-Basophils
-Esinophils
-Neutrophils

Question 6

Agranulocytes

Answer 6

include lymphocytes
Lymphocytes: responsible for antibody production, targeted killing of infected cells.

Monocytes: phagocytic cells that are agranulocytes
(macrophage,microglia, langerhan cells)

Mnemonic: My Micro Liter

• Macrophage
• Microglia
• Langerhan cells

Question 7

MHC I

Answer 7

present in ALL NUCLEATED CELLS and displays endogenous antigen ( protein from within the cells) to T- cells CD8+

Question 8

MHC II

Answer 8

present in proffesional antigen-presenting cells (macrophage, dendritic cells, some B-cells ) and displays exogenous antifen ( protein from outside the cells) to helper T-cells CD4+

Question 9

Dendritic cells

Answer 9

antigen presenting cells in the skin

Question 10

Natural killer cells

Answer 10

attack cells not presenting MHC molecules, including virally infected cells and cancer cells. Destroys body’s own cells that is infected.

Question 11

Neutrophils

Answer 11

ingest bacteria, particularly opsonized bacteria (those marked with antibodies). Follow bacteria using chemotaxis.
Macrophage

Question 12

Esinophils

Answer 12

used in allergic rxn and invasive parastic infections.

Release histamine, causing an inflammatory response.

Question 13

Basophils

Answer 13

used in allergic rxn. Mast cells are related cells found in the skin.

Releases histamine in response to allergens, leading to the inflammatory response.

Question 14

Plasma cells

Answer 14

produce large amounts of antibodies (B-cells)

Question 15

memory B-cells

Answer 15

stay in lymph node

Question 16

Cytotoxic immunity (Positive selection)

Answer 16

T-cells undergo maturation in the thymus through positive selection (only selecting for T-cells that can react to antigen presented on MHC)

Question 17

Negative selection

Answer 17

causes apoptosis in self-reactive T-cells. (activated by proteins produced by the organism itself)

Question 18

Thymosin

Answer 18

peptide horomone that promotes T-cell development.

Question 19

Suppresor (regulatory) T cells

Answer 19

tone down the immune response after an infection promote self-tolerance

Question 20

Helper T-cells (CD4+)

Answer 20

respond to MHC-II and coordinate the response to immune system. Lymphokines to activate arms of immune defense.

Th 1 cells - secrete interferon gamma which activates macrophages

Th 2 cells - activate B-cells, primarily in parasitic infection.

Question 21

Cytotoxic T-cells (C8+)

Answer 21

respond to MHC-I and kill virally infected cells

Question 22

autoimmune

Answer 22

self-antigen is identified as foriegn and the immune system attacks the body’s own cells.

Question 23

Active immunity

Answer 23

immune system is simulated to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen

Question 24

Passive immunity

Answer 24

results from the transfer of antibodies to individuals.

Question 25

Agglutinate

Answer 25

forming large insoluble complexes that can be phagocytized.

Question 26

Humoral immunity antibodies

Answer 26

DAGEM:
IgD
IgA
IgG
IgE
IgM

Question 27

Clonal Selection

Answer 27

Only those B-cells that can bind the antigen with high affinity survive, providing a mechanism for generating the clonal selection.

Question 28

Suppressor T-cells or Regulatory T-cells

Answer 28

also expresses CD4 but can be differentiated from helper T-cells because they also express a protein called Foxp3.
These cell helps to tone down the immune response once the infection has been adequately contained.