Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Endocrine (5) > Flashcards

Endocrine (5) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hyptothalamus –> Anterior Pitutiary

A

Gonadotropin-releasing horomones (GnRH) –> FSH and LH

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) –> Growth Hormone (GH)

Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) –> Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) —> Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Dopamine Prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF) –> Prolactin*
(decrease in dopamine will promote prolactin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anterior Pituitary:

FLAT (tropic) PEG (direct)

A 
FLAT:
FH
LH
Adrenocorticotropic (ATCH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
PEG:
Prolactin
Endorphin
Growth hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antidiuretic Horomone (ADH) or Vasopressin

A

secreted in response to low blood volume or high blood osmomolarity. Increasing reabsorption of water in the collecting duct of the nephron. increasing blood volume and decreasing blood osmolarity

  • Increases blood volume and decreases blood osmolarity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oxytocin

A

Secreted during childbirth and promotes uterine contractions and milk secretion during lactation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thyroid

A

TRH –> TSH

The thyroid is controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone.

TSH will stimulate the thyroid gland and follicular cells will produce T3 ( Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

deficiency in iodine or inflammation of the thyroid

decrease in body temp, slow respiratory, slow heart rate, weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

excess of thyroid hormones may result in tumor

high body temp, high respiratory and heart rate, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Calcitonin

A

produced by parafollicular cells. Decreases plasma calcium concentration by promoting calcium in the kidney, decreasing calcium absorption in the gut, and promoting calcium storage in bone.

DECREASES BLOOD CALCIUM CONCENTRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The parathyroid gland releases PTH

A

PTH INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM CONCENTRATION

PTH raises blood calcium level, by decreasing excretion of calcium by the kidney, increasing absorption of calcium in the gut via vitamin D, and increasing bone resorption, thereby freeing calcium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PTH and Calcitonin

A

PTH increases calcium levels

Calcitonin decreases calcium level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adrenal Cortex secretes Corticosteroids

A 
Corticosteroids: 
Glucocorticoids: sugar
Mineralocorticoids: salt
Cortical sex hormones: sex
MNEMONIC:
The function of corticosteroids: The 3 S's
-Sugar
-Salt
-Sex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

cortisol or cortisone increases glucose concentration, reduces protein synthesis, inhibits inflammation.

[CRF –> ATCH –> release of gulcocorticoids]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

Such Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone also increases K+ and H+ ions excretion.

-Aldosterone is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, not by ACTH.

Aldosterone –> increases blood volume with no effect on blood osmolarity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cortical Sex Hormone

A

include androgen and estrogen in both male and female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

responsible for the secretion of catecholamines hormones
Catecholamines: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
involved in “fight or flight situation”

Cortisol involved in long-term stress response
Catecholamines involved in short-term stress respone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pancreas

A

produces hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis

Islet of Langerhans: contains alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells

17
Q

Alpha cells

A

secretes glucagon
Glucagon: raises blood glucose by stimulating protein and fat degradation, gluconeogenesis, and alter blood flow.

Released when the glucose level is low or gone

18
Q

Beta cells

A

secretes insulin
Insulin: lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake by cells and promoting anabolic processes, like glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis.

19
Q

Hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia

A

Hypoglycemia: characterized by low blood glucose concentration

Hyperglycemia: characterized by high blood glucose concentration

20
Q

polyuria

polydipsia

A

polyuria: increased frequency of urination
polydipsia: increased thirst

21
Q

Type I diabetes

A

caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells, resulting in low or none insulin production.
(insulin-dependent)

22
Q

Type II diabetes

A

result of receptor level resistance to the effect of insulin. Partially inhibited due to environmental factor
(non-insulin-dependent)

23
Q

Somatostatin: delta cells

A

inhibitor of both insulin and glucagon secretion

24
Q

Pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin, and involved in circadian rhythm.

25
Q

Eryhopoieton

A

produced by the kidney. Stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes (RBC)

26
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

A

The heart releases ANP.

ANP –> helps regulates salt and water balance. Promotes secretion of sodium and water.

27
Q

Thymosin

A

released by the thymus.

Stimulates T-cell development.

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions