Immune System 🧫 Flashcards
Factors that cause a Disease ..
- Inheritance - Genetic Traits
- Microorganisms - bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa
- Pollutants chemical agents in environment. Ex. coal dust, asbestos, lead, mercury, PCB’s
- Organ Malfunction - ex. Diabetes
- Harmful Lifestyle - Ex. Tobacco, alcohol, drugs, unsafe sex.
Communicable Disease ..
diseases that you can “catch” from someone or something else. Some people may use the words
contagious or infectious when talking about communicable diseases
AIDS
By HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) through sexual intercourse, contaminated syringes.
Common cold
By any of 100 viruses through air currents, person-to-person contact
Malaria
By protozoan parasites of genus Plasmodium through mosquitoes
Measles (rubeola)
By paramyxovirus through air currents, person-to-person contact
Botulism
By Clostridium botulinum (bacterium) through contaminated food
Transmission of infection ..
- Direct Contact
- Droplet infection
- Food borne
- Water Borne
- Air Borne
- Objects
- Skin /mucous membranes
- Placenta (infect fetus)
- Parenteral route (introduced to the body)
FIRST LINE - NONSPECFIC DEFENSES PROTECT AGAINST INFECTION ..
Skin & mucous membrane - Keeps pathogens out.
Lysozymes - enzymes in sweat and tears that kill pathogens (destroys bacterial cell walls causing lysis).
Chemicals/ acids - acidic areas near bodily opens are unfavorable to pathogens.
SECOND LINE - NONSPECFIC DEFENSES PROTECT AGAINST INFECTION
- Inflammatory Response
- Damaged cells release histamine
- Neutrophils
- Natural killer cells
- Macrophages
- Interferon
- Complement system
Cytotoxic T Cells ..
white blood cell that attacks and kills infected cells
B Cells
white blood cell that labels
pathogens for destruction by
macrophages
Helper T Cells
white blood cell that activates cytotoxic T-Cells and B-Cells in an immune response
THIRD LINE OF DEFENSES IS SPECFIC
Antigens
Antibodies
Plasma cells
Memory cells
Helper T cells
Active natural
getting sick: making own antibodies
