Immune response to fungi, protozoa and metazoa

Question 1

Are mammals protozoa or metazoan?

Answer 1

Metazoa

Question 2

What disease is linked to plasmodium falciparum?

Answer 2

Malaria

Question 3

Which microbe causes thrush?

Answer 3

Candida

Question 4

What are hyphae?

Answer 4

Roots

Question 5

How does the immune system recognise a fungal infection?

Answer 5

Fungus has PAMP (different ones on spores and hyphae)

PRRs on immune cells are complementary to a specific PAMP

Question 6

Which interleukins are used to stimulate inflammation?

Answer 6

IL-6 and IL-1

Question 7

Immune response to spores

Answer 7

Spores → IL-12 → naive T cell → TH1 → IFN-Y, TNF-A and IL-2 → phagocytosis

Question 8

Immune response to hyphae

Answer 8

Hyphae stimulate the release of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-1B
IL-4 and IL-10 stimulate the differentiation of TH2 cells, which activate B cells to make IgE
IL-1B stimulates the maturation of TH17, which releases IL-22 (defensives) and IL-17 (neutrophils)