immune Flashcards
1
Q
immune system organization
A
- innate-nonspecific
- adaptive-specific, based on experience
2
Q
innate immunity
A
all animals have it
- exists prior to immune change
- low specificity
- rapid
- no memory of recurring infection
- 2 lines of defense
3
Q
pathogen
A
disease-causing bacteria, viruses, worms, fungi, protists
4
Q
first line of defense
A
- epithelial–most important
- exclude pathogens
- inhibit microbe growth
- damage microbes
- wash away–saliva, tears, mucus
- inhibit microbe growth–ph down
5
Q
second line of defense
A
- cellular
- leukocytes–give generic response that is directed against any pathogen
- white blood cells
- in circulation and lymph nodes
6
Q
inflammatory response
A
- platelets release proteins that form clots
- wounded tissues and macrophages secrete chemokines
- mast cells release histamines to constrict blood vessels and reduce blood flow
- neutrophils migrate to site of infection
7
Q
mast cells
A
secrete histamines, lower blood flow from wound and increase to wound
8
Q
neutrophils
A
- kill invading cells by phagocytosis
- many, short lived
9
Q
macrophages
A
- release cytokines that recruit other cells to wound site
- kill invading cells by phagocytosis
10
Q
antigens
A
foreign molecules that activate immune response
11
Q
cytokines
A
- produced by injured tissues and macrophages
- mark path to wound
- induce fever
- increase leukocyte production
12
Q
pattern recognition receptors
A
- recognize specific pathogens
- specific antogens made by all pathogens withing a group
- do not recognize host-specific molecules
- transduce signals resulting in cellular responses
- toll-like receptors are subset of
13
Q
antimicrobial proteins
A
- nonspecific, numerous
14
Q
complement system
A
a protein tag signals microbe location and antimicrobial activity
15
Q
interferons
A
proteins released in response to viral infection, signals to neighboring cells
