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Exam 2 cramming > Immune > Flashcards

Immune Flashcards

1
Q

4 hypersensitivity responses

A

anaphylaxis
autoimmunity
antibody-antigen complexes
cell-mediated immunity

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2
Q

what antibody anaphylaxis

A

IgE

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3
Q

what antibody auntoimmunity

A

IgG & IgM

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4
Q

what antibody antibody-antigen complexes

A

IgG, IgM, IgA

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5
Q

which cells provide cell-mediated immunity

A

T Lymphocytes

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6
Q

what is special about the microbes in vaccinations

A

they are weakened

immunogenic not pathogenic

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7
Q

what is primary and subsequent response to a vaccination

A

primary - B & T cells activated - slow

subsequent quicker as 1000s memory cells present to proliferate/differentiate into active B & T cells

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8
Q

what is naturally acquired active immunity

A

natural exposure to a disease

measles in classroom

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9
Q

naturally acquired passive immunity

A

transfer of IgG antibodies across placenta

IgA via breast milk

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10
Q

other pathologies in anaphylaxis group

A

food allergy, hay fever, eczema, irritant contact dermatitis

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11
Q

food allergy, hay fever, eczema, irritant contact dermatitis

which hypersensitivity group

A

anaphylaxis IgE

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12
Q 
Expsore to allergen/antigen activates IgE, degranulation of mast cells, & basophils to release histamine, leukotrienes etc
Bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
BP drops
oedema of tissue immediately
A

anaphylaxis

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13
Q

antibodies IgG & IgM produced by immune response bind to antigens on cell or tissue surface (attacks cells & tissues). activates complement system and lymphokines. Onset immediate

A

Autoimmunity
r. arthritis
haemolytic disease of newborn
blood transfusion reaction

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14
Q

antibody-antigen complexes form aggregates which aren’t cleared and deposited in various tissues (esp skin, kidney, joints) triggering immune response - activate complement system
IgG, IgM, IgA mediated
onset 4-8 hrs

A

glomerulonephritis
penicillin allergy
systemic lupus erythematosus

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15
Q

cell-mediated NOT antibody-mediated
over reaction of T lymphocytes to an antigen
massive clonal expansion creates loads cytotoxic T cells which damages normal tissues
delayed onset - 48-72 hrs

A

skin graft rejection

allergen contact dermatitis

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16
Q

allergy - initial & subsequent exposure

A

initial causes sensitisation - -slow as not specificity (not activated)
second - exaggerated immune response as has been developed and antibodies are ready

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17
Q

does a food intolerance have a defined immune response

A

no

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18
Q

which antibody mediates the allergic response

A

IgE

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19
Q

exposure to allergen causes IgE to activate mast cells and basophils - release of histamine.
causes bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
oedema of tissue

A

anaphylactic shock

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20
Q

3 big symptoms anaphylactic shock

A

bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
oedema of tissue

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21
Q

3 benefits to inflammation

A

toxin dilution
fibrin formation- walls off, assists wound repair
promotes phagocytocis

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22
Q

3 harmful effects of inflammation

A 
pain - compression of nerves
swelling - ICP
arteriosclerosis
fibrosis
pus
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23
Q

4 functions of complement system

A

opsonization - tags
attracts macrophages
stims mast cells - release histamine - promotes inflammation
initiates cytolysis - MAC

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24
Q

apoptosis

A

cell suicide

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25
Q

what attracts phagocytic cells to inflammation

A

chemotoxis

26
Q

what present new antigens to T-Lymphocytes

A

macrophages

27
Q

macrophages in connective tissue

A

histiocytes

28
Q

macrophages on skin

A

langerhans cells

29
Q

how to NK cells operate (what do they contain)

A

perforin - inserts into plasma membrane

30
Q

what is are released by mast cells/basophils that attract phagocytes and aids their adherence to pathogens

A

leukotrienes

31
Q

what increases vasodilation, faso permeability and attracts phagocytes

A

kinins

32
Q

what increase the affect of histamine and kinins

A

prostaglandin

33
Q

walled off area of inflammation/abscesses

A

granuloma

34
Q

what makes interferons more effective
inhibits growth some microbes
speeds up reaction that aid repair

A

fever

35
Q

heparin is an

A

anticoagulant

36
Q

histamine primary action

A

vasodilation

37
Q

type of immunity using lymphocytes

A

adaptive/selective

38
Q

2 types B lymphocytes

A

plasma

memory

39
Q

4 types T lymphocytes

A

memory
helper
killer
supressor

40
Q

which cells antibody-mediated immunity

A

B cells

& T

41
Q

which cells cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells

42
Q

primary role of b cels

A

produce antibodies

43
Q

primary role t cells

A

attack antigens

44
Q

what system to helper T cells contribute to

A

postitive feedback

45
Q

antibodies are

A

immunoglobullins

46
Q

intra-cellular pathogens sorted by

A

T-Lymphacytes

47
Q

extra-cellular pathogens sorted by

A

B cells

48
Q

antigen presentation cell-mediated immunity

A

yes

49
Q

antigen presentation antibody-mediated immunity

A

no

50
Q

which b cells secrete antibodues

A

b plasma

51
Q

job of memory b cell

A

reproduce

remember

52
Q

2 ways antigens destroyed in antibody-mediated immunity

A
  • compliment system activates

atttract phagocytes

53
Q

protein that facilitates clonal selection of T cels

A

interleukin 2

54
Q

why are lymph nodes/tonsils swollen in illness

A

residing T cells are proliferating and differentiating

55
Q

most common antibody

A

IgG

56
Q

IgG found where

A

blood

intestines

57
Q

antibody decreases with stress

A

IgA

58
Q

IgA found where

A

secretory fluids

59
Q

antibody secreted by mast cells/basophils

A

IgE

60
Q

antibody raised in parasitic infection

A

IgE

61
Q

antibody responsible allergic reaction

A

IgE

62
Q

antibodies found on B cells

A

IgM, IgD

Exam 2 cramming (9 decks)

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