Immune Flashcards
4 hypersensitivity responses
anaphylaxis
autoimmunity
antibody-antigen complexes
cell-mediated immunity
what antibody anaphylaxis
IgE
what antibody auntoimmunity
IgG & IgM
what antibody antibody-antigen complexes
IgG, IgM, IgA
which cells provide cell-mediated immunity
T Lymphocytes
what is special about the microbes in vaccinations
they are weakened
immunogenic not pathogenic
what is primary and subsequent response to a vaccination
primary - B & T cells activated - slow
subsequent quicker as 1000s memory cells present to proliferate/differentiate into active B & T cells
what is naturally acquired active immunity
natural exposure to a disease
measles in classroom
naturally acquired passive immunity
transfer of IgG antibodies across placenta
IgA via breast milk
other pathologies in anaphylaxis group
food allergy, hay fever, eczema, irritant contact dermatitis
food allergy, hay fever, eczema, irritant contact dermatitis
which hypersensitivity group
anaphylaxis IgE
Expsore to allergen/antigen activates IgE, degranulation of mast cells, & basophils to release histamine, leukotrienes etc Bronchoconstriction vasodilation BP drops oedema of tissue immediately
anaphylaxis
antibodies IgG & IgM produced by immune response bind to antigens on cell or tissue surface (attacks cells & tissues). activates complement system and lymphokines. Onset immediate
Autoimmunity
r. arthritis
haemolytic disease of newborn
blood transfusion reaction
antibody-antigen complexes form aggregates which aren’t cleared and deposited in various tissues (esp skin, kidney, joints) triggering immune response - activate complement system
IgG, IgM, IgA mediated
onset 4-8 hrs
glomerulonephritis
penicillin allergy
systemic lupus erythematosus
cell-mediated NOT antibody-mediated
over reaction of T lymphocytes to an antigen
massive clonal expansion creates loads cytotoxic T cells which damages normal tissues
delayed onset - 48-72 hrs
skin graft rejection
allergen contact dermatitis
allergy - initial & subsequent exposure
initial causes sensitisation - -slow as not specificity (not activated)
second - exaggerated immune response as has been developed and antibodies are ready
does a food intolerance have a defined immune response
no
which antibody mediates the allergic response
IgE
exposure to allergen causes IgE to activate mast cells and basophils - release of histamine.
causes bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
oedema of tissue
anaphylactic shock
3 big symptoms anaphylactic shock
bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
oedema of tissue
3 benefits to inflammation
toxin dilution
fibrin formation- walls off, assists wound repair
promotes phagocytocis
3 harmful effects of inflammation
pain - compression of nerves swelling - ICP arteriosclerosis fibrosis pus
4 functions of complement system
opsonization - tags
attracts macrophages
stims mast cells - release histamine - promotes inflammation
initiates cytolysis - MAC
apoptosis
cell suicide
what attracts phagocytic cells to inflammation
chemotoxis
what present new antigens to T-Lymphocytes
macrophages
macrophages in connective tissue
histiocytes
macrophages on skin
langerhans cells
how to NK cells operate (what do they contain)
perforin - inserts into plasma membrane
what is are released by mast cells/basophils that attract phagocytes and aids their adherence to pathogens
leukotrienes
what increases vasodilation, faso permeability and attracts phagocytes
kinins
what increase the affect of histamine and kinins
prostaglandin
walled off area of inflammation/abscesses
granuloma
what makes interferons more effective
inhibits growth some microbes
speeds up reaction that aid repair
fever
heparin is an
anticoagulant
histamine primary action
vasodilation
type of immunity using lymphocytes
adaptive/selective
2 types B lymphocytes
plasma
memory
4 types T lymphocytes
memory
helper
killer
supressor
which cells antibody-mediated immunity
B cells
& T
which cells cell-mediated immunity
T cells
primary role of b cels
produce antibodies
primary role t cells
attack antigens
what system to helper T cells contribute to
postitive feedback
antibodies are
immunoglobullins
intra-cellular pathogens sorted by
T-Lymphacytes
extra-cellular pathogens sorted by
B cells
antigen presentation cell-mediated immunity
yes
antigen presentation antibody-mediated immunity
no
which b cells secrete antibodues
b plasma
job of memory b cell
reproduce
remember
2 ways antigens destroyed in antibody-mediated immunity
- compliment system activates
atttract phagocytes
protein that facilitates clonal selection of T cels
interleukin 2
why are lymph nodes/tonsils swollen in illness
residing T cells are proliferating and differentiating
most common antibody
IgG
IgG found where
blood
intestines
antibody decreases with stress
IgA
IgA found where
secretory fluids
antibody secreted by mast cells/basophils
IgE
antibody raised in parasitic infection
IgE
antibody responsible allergic reaction
IgE
antibodies found on B cells
IgM, IgD
