IMMS Flashcards
All lecture content other then Histology, critical numbers and public health
Name some supersecondary structures in proteins.
Helix-turn-helix, Beta alpha beta unit, leucine zipper, zinc finger.
What is a nucleotide?
A base joined to a sugar and any number of phosphates
What is a nucleoside?
A base with a sugar group
What are the base pairings (also RNA)?
A-T(U) G-C
What are the name of proteins that attach to DNA to make them coil?
Histones (bunch to make nucleosomes)
Which direction does DNA polymerase synthesise DNA
5’ to 3’
What is the function of Helicase
It unzips the DNA strands
What is the function of Topoisomerase?
It unwinds and relieves the supercoils of the DNA it is a Gyrase
What doe SSbs do?
They bind to the DNA to stop the strands annealing
Describe the process of transcription on the lagging strand
RNA primase lays primers for DNA polymerase in small sections cannot be done in one go like the leading. when the okazaki fragments are made DNA ligase joins the sections DNA polymerase replaces the RNA primers
What differentiates mature mRNA from full mRNA
the 5’ cap and the Poly A tail
What are the type of ribosomes in humans? and components
80S made from 60S and 40 S
what are the segments of tRNA?
Anticodon that binds to the strand.
Amino acid binding site opposite side.
D loop and T loop and a variable loop.
What are intorns and exons?
exons are exported to the final mRNA introns are discarded and broken down.
What are the characteristics of DNA?
Degenerate many AA are coded my more than one codon.
Unambiguous as each codon specifies only one AA
universal all organisms use the same.
Non overlapping each nucleotide is only read once.
What is a chromosomal abnormality?
An abnormality where there is the wrong number of chromosomes from non-disjunction or where large parts of the chromosome has been deleted
Name for trisomy 21
Down Syndrome
Which mode of inheritance allows direct male to male transmission?
Autosomal dominant
Features of autosomal recessive pedigree
“skipped generation”
males females affected equally
affected individual only in a single generation
Name some AR conditions
Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anaemia, Haemochromotosis, Tay-Sachs Disease, Connexin-26
Autosome
Any chromosome, other than the sex chromosomes (X or Y), that occurs in pairs in diploid cells
Recessive
Manifest only in homozygotes
Allele
One or more alternative forms of a gene at a given location (locus)
Homozygous
Presence of identical alleles at a given locus