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Nursing 301 > Immigration > Flashcards

Immigration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of “immigrants”?

A

People who choose to leave their homeland to establish a permanent residence in a different country in hope of a better life and more opportunities.

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2
Q

What are the three cities in Canada that 75% of new immigrants settle in?

A

Toronto
Montreal
Vancouver

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3
Q

What are the objectives of the canadian immigration program?

A

To admit immigrants, foreign students, visitors and temporary workers who help Canada’s social and economic growth
To resettle, protect and provide a safe haven for refugees
To help newcomers adapt to Canadian society and become Canadian citizens
To manage access to Canada to protect the security and health of Canadians and the integrity of Canadian laws and
To help Canadians and newcomers to participate fully in the economic, political, social and cultural life of the country.

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4
Q

What is the definition of refugees?

A

Convention refugees:
Unwilling or unable to return to their home country due to well founded fear of/or persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, sexual orientation or political opinion.

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5
Q

Who does Canada consider “persons in need of protection”?

A

In Canada whose removal to their home country:

  • Danger of torture
  • Risk to their life
  • Risk of cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.
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6
Q

What are the three main types of goals for Canadian immigration program??

A

Social
Humanitarian
Economic

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7
Q

What are the social goals for Canadian immigration program?

A

Facilitates family reunification, permits nuclear family unit to immigrate with principal applicants.

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8
Q

What are the humanitarian goals for Canadian immigration program?

A

People arriving spontaneously; both government and private sponsored refugees (protecting refugees)

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9
Q

What are the economic goals for Canadian immigration program?

A

Skilled workers and business immigrants (economic development)

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10
Q

Who are people who fall under the social: reuniting families goals for the Canadian immigration program?

A

The family class - Spouses, common-law partners, conjugal partners

  • Children intended for adoption
  • Parents, grandparents, dependent children
  • Siblings, nephews, nieces, grandchildren if orphaned
  • Any relative if the sponsor is alone in Canada and has none of the above family members to sponsor.
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11
Q

What are the three divisions of humanitarian (protecting refugees) part of the Canadian immigration program?

A

Refugee protection division
Immigration division
Immigration appeal division

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12
Q

What is the Immigration and Refugee Board?

A

Canada’s largest independent administrative tribunal. It has three divisions. (Refugee protection division, immigration division, immigration appeal division)

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13
Q

Who is allowed to immigrate to Canada in order to promote economic development?

A

Skilled workers, arranged employment
High level of education, language ability
Provincial nominees
Canadian Experience Class
Live in caregivers
Business immigrants (investors, entrepreneurs, self-employed)

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14
Q

What are the requirements to study in Canada?

A

Must have been accepted at a recognized school, college or university
Must prove you can pay tuition fees and living expenses for self (and family if accompanying)
Proof of return transportation for self (and family if applicable)

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15
Q

Which branch of government controls funding for integration and settlement services?

A

Federal government controls funding.

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16
Q

What are some provincial programs for integration and settlement services?

A

Schools, post-secondary institutions, health care services.

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17
Q

What are some community programs for integration and settlement services?

A

Cultural centres and community centres.

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18
Q

What are some federal laws and policies regarding immigration?

A 
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Canadian Human Rights Act
Employment Equity Act
Official Languages Act
Pay Equity Act
Multiculturalism Act
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19
Q

What is the Canadian Multiculturalism Act?

A

1988 - Ensures that all citizens can keep their identities, take pride in their ancestry and have a sense of belonging.

Canada is the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy.

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20
Q

What are the goals for Canadian and BC multiculturalism??

A

To encourage the diversity of British Columbians.
To encourage respect for multicultural heritage in British Columbia.
To promote racial harmony, cross cultural understanding, and respect.
To foster creation of a society in BC in which there are no impediments to the full participation of all British Columbians in the economic, social, cultural and political life of BC

21
Q

What are some issues with the process of immigration?

A

Long processing times, for applications both inside and outside of Canada
Documentation
Language
Immigration consultants - i.e. 2004 - Canadian Society of Immigration Consultants (CSIC) founded to regulate the service and help to stop fraud.

22
Q

What happens when someone breaches the immigration act?

A

People who breach the Immigration Act may be issues an order for removal from Canada.

23
Q

What are the three types of “removal orders” from Canada?

A

Departure orders
Exclusion
Deportation

24
Q

What are departure orders?

A

Must leave within 30 days/confirm departure with immigration officer. If comply, may return to Canada any time. If don’t comply/deportation order.

25
Q

What is exclusion? (Order for removal from Canada)

A

May not return to Canada within 1 year unless have immigration officer order.

26
Q

What is deportation?

A

Most serious case: may not legally return to Canada unless have written permission of Immigration officer.

27
Q

What are the five stages of the immigration/refugee experience? (Resettlement tasks)

A 
Novelty - figuring things out
Occupation - first priority
Language - second priority
Subordination - little choice or control over certain things
Feeling at home (endpoint)
28
Q

What are some actual issues faced by new immigrants?

A

Geographic location
Biases
Recognition of Foreign Credentials and Experience
-training and experience not recognized
-inadequate assessment processes in place
-suitable upgrading programs have not been developed

29
Q

What are some potential adjustment/loss issues for new immigrants?

A

Loss and disruption related to situational transition of immigration:

  • Social support/community support
  • Cultural heritage - leaving country behind
  • Employment and education
  • Respect of peers and colleagues
  • Ability to communicate with ease
  • Transportation - change of system
  • Standard of living
  • Diet
  • Culturally sensitive issues
  • Loss of independence, traditional values and power within the family/community
  • Trauma including rape, assault, killing (observed or participated)
  • Post-traumatic stress
  • Interfamilial conflicts in crowded lodgings
  • A shift in traditional authority within the family
  • Different rates of adjustment to the new culture among members of the family.
30
Q

What is transnationalism?

A

Transnationalism can be defined as: an ongoing relationship with the country of origin for immigrants residing in a new host society. (Isaacs, 2010, p16)

31
Q

What is acculturation?

A

A dynamic, multifactoral process of cultural learning that results in the changes in behaviour, language, attitudes, lifeways and values that occur from sustained interaction with different cultural groups. (McDermott-Levy, 2009, p287)

32
Q

What are some physical consequences of immigration?

A

From living under prolonged stress, poverty and victimization, being injured in military engagements and civil strife, lacking access to health care, the immigration process itself.

33
Q

What are some psycho-emotional consequences of immigration?

A

PTSD (witness or suffer torture), disrupted family functioning, loss of self-esteem and self-identity, grieving over separation from home

34
Q

What is somatization?

A

Physiological manifestation of psychological things

35
Q

What are three types of health consequences that may be a result of immigration?

A

Physical consequences
Psycho-emotional consequences
Somatization

36
Q

Who are some immigrants “at risk” in Canada?

A

Adolescents and others born and raised in refugee camps
Survivors of trauma
Single persons (and disabled)
Men and women from “traditional” cultures
Women of child bearing age
Single parents
Elderly, especially women

37
Q

What are some barriers for new immigrants accessing healthcare?

A 
Language
Access to health care benefits
Health care services
Health care professionals
Stereotyping
Poverty
Community
Education
38
Q

What are some potential health issues faced by immigrants?

A 
Multiple physical consequences.
Domestic violence and abuse.
Anxiety and adjustment disorders.
Depression.
Diabetes.
PTSD
Victims of torture
Dental/peridontal diseases
Malaria
TB
STI's
Hepatitis
HIV
39
Q

What are some health clinics for immigrants? (specifically dedicated to immigrants)

A

Bridge Community Health Clinic, Vancouver (appointment only Monday-Friday 0900-1600)
New Canadian Clinics - Surrey and Burnaby (appt only Monday-Friday 0830-1630)
Global Family Care Clinic - Burnaby

40
Q

What are some assistance programs for immigrants?

A

Immigrant Settlement and Adaption Programme
MSP - Provincial medical services plan
Interim Federal Health Benefits PRogramme
LINC - Language instruction for newcomers to Canada programme
Host Programme
Adjustment Assistance Programme
Cross Cultural Health Broker Programme

41
Q

What is the role of the nurse on the micro (individual) level?

A

Culturally competent care

42
Q

What is the role of the nurse on the meso (community) level?

A

Community development for a healthy integrated immigrant community.
Working with other HCP’s to understand and address health needs.

43
Q

What is the role of the nurse on the macro (institutional) level?

A

Advocate for agency change/policy change

44
Q

What continent is the largest source of immigrants to Canada?

A

Asia (2006-2011)

45
Q

Where do most immigrants move to?

A

Most immigrate to urban centres in Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, Alberta

46
Q

What is the percentage of immigrants to Canada who report English as their mother tongue?

A

23.8%

47
Q

What are the four most common languages spoken by immigrants to Canada (besides English)?

A

Chinese, Tagalog, Spanish, Punjabi

48
Q

What percentage of Canada’s population were immigrants (as of 2011 census)?

A

3.5% of the population of Canada

49
Q

How many immigrants does the Federal Government of Canada accept annually?

A

Federal Government is committed to gradually moving to immigration levels of 1% of the population - approximately 300,000 a year

Nursing 301 (19 decks)

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